Canadian federal election, 1965

Infobox Election
election_name = Canadian federal election, 1965
country = Canada
type = parliamentary
ongoing =no
party_colour =
previous_election = Canadian federal election, 1963
previous_year = 1963
next_election = Canadian federal election, 1968
next_year = 1968
seats_for_election = 265 seats in the 27th Canadian Parliament
election_date = November 8, 1965
next_mps = 28th Canadian Parliament
previous_mps = 26th Canadian Parliament

colour1 =
leader1 =Lester B. Pearson
leader_since1 =1958
party1 =Liberal Party of Canada
leaders_seat1 =Algoma East
last_election1 =128
seats1 =131
seat_change1 =+3
popular_vote1 =3,099,521
percentage1 =40.18%
swing1 =-1.34%

colour2 =
leader2 =John Diefenbaker
leader_since2 =1956
party2 =Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
leaders_seat2 =Prince Albert
last_election2 =93
seats2 =97
seat_change2 =+4
popular_vote2 =2,500,113
percentage2 =32.41%
swing2 =-0.31%

colour3 =
leader3 =Tommy Douglas
leader_since3 =1961
party3 =New Democratic Party
leaders_seat3 =Burnaby—Coquitlam
last_election3 =17
seats3 =21
seat_change3 =+4
popular_vote3 =1,381,658
percentage3 =17.91%
swing3 =+4.67%

colour4 =
leader4 =Réal Caouette
leader_since4 =1963
party4 =Ralliement créditiste
leaders_seat4 =Villeneuve
last_election4 =-
seats4 =9
seat_change4 =-
popular_vote4 =359,258
percentage4 =4.66%
swing4 =-

colour5 =
leader5 =Robert N. Thompson
leader_since5 =1961
party5 =Social Credit Party of Canada
leaders_seat5 =Red Deer
last_election5 =24
seats5 =5
seat_change5 =-19
popular_vote5 =282,454
percentage5 =3.66%
swing5 =-8.26%

map_

map_size =
map_caption =

title = PM
before_election = Lester B. Pearson
before_party = Liberal Party of Canada
after_election = Lester B. Pearson
after_party = Liberal Party of Canada

The Canadian federal election of 1965 was held on November 8 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected with a larger number of seats in the House. Although the Liberals lost a small share of the popular vote, they were able to win more seats, but fell just short of having a majority.

The Liberals campaigned on their record of having kept the promises made in the 1963 campaign, job creation, lowering income taxes, higher wages, higher family allowances and student loans. They promised to implement a national medicare program by 1967, and the Canada Pension Plan system of public pensions. They urged voters to give them a majority for "five more years of prosperity". The party campaigned under the slogans, "Good Things Happen When a Government Cares About People", and, "For Continued Prosperity".

The Progressive Conservative Party of John Diefenbaker, campaigning with the slogan, "Policies for People, Policies for Progress", lost a small number of seats. Despite losing a second time, Diefenbaker refused to resign as party leader, and was eventually forced from the position by a campaign by the party president Dalton Camp. Diefenbaker ran to succeed himself in the party's 1967 leadership convention, but lost to Robert Stanfield.

Old age pensions were an important issue in this campaign. The Liberal Party pointed having increased the pension to $75 per month for persons 70 years of age and older, put in place plans to reduce the eligibility age to 65 by 1970, and to add a "Canada Assistance Program" payment for seniors with lower incomes. The PCs promised to increase OAP to $100 per month for all those 70 years old and over.

The New Democratic Party of Tommy Douglas, campaigning under the slogan, "Fed up? Speak up! Vote for the New Democrats!", increased its share of the popular vote by more than four and a half percentage points, but in winning only four extra seats, it continued to fail to make the electoral break-through that was hoped for when the party was founded in 1960.

The Social Credit Party of Canada was split in two before this election: Réal Caouette led French-Canadian Socreds out of the party into the new "Ralliement créditiste" (Social Credit Rally), and won more seats than the old party. Robert N. Thompson continued to lead the Social Credit Party in English-speaking Canada, but lost a significant share of the vote. This would be the last time that the Social Credit Party elected candidates outside Quebec.

This was the first election for the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, a satirical party led by Cornelius the First. The party fielded only one candidate. Cornelius, a resident of the Granby zoo, did not seek election because Canadian election law does not permit rhinoceroses or other zoo animals to seek election.

In order to govern, the minority Liberals relied on the New Democratic Party, and occasionally other smaller opposition parties in order to remain in power. Pearson announced his intention to resign as Liberal leader in December 1967, and was replaced the following April by Pierre Trudeau.

Notably, this election marked the last time that a single conservative party did not win an absolute majority of the vote in Alberta (although the totals of the Progressive Conservatives and Social Credit combined did add up to over two thirds of the vote in that province).

Party platforms

Liberal Party:
* implement a national medicare program by July 1, 1967;
* $500 million for medical and dental research over 15 years;
* $40 million university scholarship program over 2 years;
* improve crop insurance for farmers;
* create a national dairy marketing board;
* allow full-time farm workers to participate in Unemployment Insurance;
* increase old age security payments;
* $100 million programs to build roads in northern Canada;
* $25 million to support the coal industry in Nova Scotia.

Progressive Conservative Party:
* increase grants to universities;
* special tax deduction for gifts to universities;
* grants to support medical and dental research;
* establish a federal government grain agency;
* provide grants to farmers;
* increase old age security payments from $75 per month to $100 per month for senior citizens over the age of 70;
* create a national water conservation program, and divert water from northern Canada to southern regions;
* develop hydro-electric potential of Nelson River, Peace River and the Bay of Fundy;
* reduce corporate and personal income taxes;
* provide tax deductions for home-owners.

New Democratic Party:
* eliminate university tuition fees;
* provide grants for universities' capital costs;
* increased funding for technical training;
* increase the minimum price for wheat;
* increase the old age security payment from $75 per month to $100 per month at age 65;
* implement economic planning program that lays down guidelines for wages and prices;
* halt unjustified price increases.

Social Credit Party:
* increased federal aid for education;
* introduce a non-compulsory medicare program;
* require the Bank of Canada to provide loans for government capital projects.

Ralliement des creditistes/Social Credit Rally:
* in lieu of a medicare program, provide government allowance to individuals to buy private medical insurance;
* subsidize farmers' crop losses;
* increase old age security payments to $100 per month immediately, and to $125 per month over time;
* require the Bank of Canada to pay $15 million of dividends to Canadians.

"Source: Globe and Mail newspaper, October 1965."

National results

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

¹ "Previous" refers to the results of the previous election, not the party standings in the House of Commons prior to dissolution.

Results by province

*xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote

ee also

*27th Canadian Parliament