Ulmus 'Horizontalis'

Infobox Cultivar | name = "Ulmus glabra"

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image_caption = 'Horizontalis', Ballarat Botanical Garden, Australia
cultivar = 'Horizontalis'
origin = Perth, ScotlandThe Weeping Wych Elm, also known as the Horizontal Elm "Ulmus glabra" 'Horizontalis' is an elm cultivar discovered in a Perth nursery circa 1816. The tree was originally identified as 'Pendula' by Loddiges (London), in his catalogue of 1836, a name adopted by Loudon two years later in "Arb. Frut. Brit" 3: 1398, but later sunk as a synonym for 'Horizontalis' Green, P. S. (1964). Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. "Arnoldia" Vol. 24, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. [http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1605.pdf] ] .

Description

'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of "Ulmus glabra" to effectively display its weeping habit. The tree can eventually grow to a height of 20 metres with a similar spread Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). "The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland". Vol. VII. pp 1848-1929. Private publication [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/7tgbi/] ] . It can be distinguished from the related Camperdown Elm by its more spreading and flattened canopy and much larger mature size, although its shape does vary widely, as noted by Loudon: "A beautiful...tree generally growing to one side, spreading its branches out in a fan-like manner...sometimes horizontally and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape" Nicholson, George, (Ed.), (1888). "The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening - A practical scientific encyclopeadia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists." Upcott-Gill, London.] .

Pests and diseases

'Horizontalis' is not known to be any less susceptible to Dutch elm disease than the species.

Cultivation

The cultivar was first distributed in Germany by Booth of Hamburg, who bought the entire Perth stock. It was also known to have been marketed in Poland in the 19th century by the Ulrich nursery Ulrich, C. (1894), "Katalog Drzew i Krezewow, C. Ulrich", Rok 1893-94, Warszawa] , Warsaw. Introduced to North America, the cultivar can be also be found in a number of public gardens in Victoria, Australia.

ynonymy

*'Tabletop Elm': Anon.
*"Ulmus glabra" 'Pendula' Anon.
*"Ulmus montana (: glabra)" var. "decumbens": Masters, "Hortus Duroverni", 67, 1831, name in synonymy.
*"Ulmus montana (: glabra)" var. "pendula". Loddiges, (Hackney, London), Catalogue 1836, and Loudon, "Arb. Frut. Brit." 3: 1398, 1838, also by Krüssmann in Parey "Blumengartn." ed. 2, 1: 519, 1958, as a cultivar.
*"Ulmus montana (: glabra)" 'Parasol': Koch, "Dendr." 2 (1): 417, 1872, name in synonymy.
*"Ulmus pendulina": Sinclair, in Donn, "Hortus Cantabrigensis" ed. 12. 110, 1831, but without description.

Accessions

;North America
*Dawes Arboretum [http://www.dawesarb.org/collectionsgardens/plant-search.asp] , Newark, Ohio. 2 trees, no acc. details available.
*Holden Arboretum acc. no. 55-1033 (as "U. glabra" 'Pendula').
*Morris Arboretum [http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/arboretum/living2.html] , University of Pennsylvania, acc. no. 56-239-A;Europe
*Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie [http://lapetiteloiterie.free.fr/html/presentation/especes.html] , Monthodon, France. No details available
*Brighton & Hove City Council, UK, NCCPG elm collection [http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042] , several trees, largest in Royal Pavilion Grounds.
*Glen Mooar, Isle of Man, UK, One tree no details available Johnson, O. (Ed.)(2003). "Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland". Whittet Books. ]
*Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia acc. nos. 18112, 18113, (as "U. glabra" 'Pendula').
*Rathmullen House, County Donegal, Ireland. One tree, 6 m high, 103 cm d.b.h. in 2000. Johnson, O. (Ed.)(2003). "Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland". Whittet Books. ]
*Sir Harold Hillier Gardens acc. no. 1977.5056
*Strona Arboretum [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus_lamellosa] , University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, (as "Ulmus glabra" 'Pendula').
*University of Copenhagen, (as "Ulmus glabra" 'Pendula').

Australasia

*Ballarat Botanical Gardens, tree listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.
*Eastwoodhill Arboretum [http://www.eastwoodhill.org.nz/gardens--collection/collection.aspx?Type=&G=Ulmus] , Gisborne, New Zealand, 2 trees, details not known.

Nurseries

North America

None known.

Europe

*Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', Ochten, Netherlands [http://www.treecommerce.com/batterijen/resultaten_pagina.asp?page=1&taal=&zoekplant=Ulmus] (as "Ulmus glabra" Pendula)
*Dulford Nurseries, Cullompton, Devon, UK [http://www.dulford-nurseries.co.uk] (as "Ulmus glabra" 'Pendula')
*UmbraFlor [http://www.umbraflor.it] , Spello, Italy (as "Ulmus montana" 'Pendula')
*Westerveld Boomkwekerij B.V. [http://www.westerveldbv.nl/] , Opheusden, The Netherlands (as "Ulmus glabra" 'Pendula').

Australasia

*Established Tree Transplanters Pty. Ltd. [http://establishedtrees.com.au] , Wandin, Victoria, Australia.

References