- Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse
Henry I of Hesse (German: Heinrich I "das Kind" (the child) (
24 June 1244 –21 December 1308 ,Marburg ), Landgrave of Hesse. He was the son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant andSophie of Thuringia .Life
In 1247, as
Heinrich Raspe ,Landgrave of Thuringia , died without issue, conflict arose about the future of Thuringia and Hesse. The succession was disputed between Heinrich Raspe's nephew and his niece: Sophia was the daughter of Heinrich Raspe's brother Ludwig IV and claimed the territories on behalf of her son Henry, while Henry the Illustrious, margrave of Meissen, was the son of Heinrich Raspe's sister Jutta. Another competitor were the Archbishops of Mainz, who could claim Hesse was a fiefdom of the Archbishop and now, after the extinction of theLudowingians , demanded its return to them. Sophia, supported by the Hessian nobility, succeeded in retaining Hesse against her cousin, who in 1264 accepted the division of the Ludowingian inheritance: Henry of Meissen received Thuringia, while Sophia's son Heinrich would inheritHesse . In the following year, the Archbishop Werner II von Eppenstein acceeded to this outcome in the Treaty of Langsdorf, accepting Henry as his liege-man and Landgrave of Hesse.At this time, the landgraviate of Hesse consisted of the region between
Wolfhagen ,Zierenberg ,Eschwege ,Alsfeld ,Grünberg ,Frankenberg andBiedenkopf . In the same year, Henry acquired a part of the county ofGleiberg withGießen from theCounts palatine ofTübingen . The landgraviate was centred around the towns ofKassel , where Henry took up his residence since 1277, andMarburg , where his grandmother Saint Elisabeth was buried and where Henry built the Castle Marburg.Henry again got into conflict with his liege-lord, the Archbishop, about the possession of
Naumburg . On behalf of the Archbishop, Henry was outlawed in 1274 by King Rudolf I of Habsburg, but after Henry had supported Rudolph in the war againstOtakar II of Bohemia and had helped to conquerVienna 1276, Rudolph reinstated Henry. In 1290 Henry defeated the Archbishop in the battle ofFritzlar and could henceforth maintain his territory.Though Henry never relinquished his own claim on Brabant, he supported his nephew John of Brabant against
Guelders andLuxembourg in theLimburg succession war .On 12 May 1292, Henry was made a "Reichsfürst" (prince of the realm) by King Adolf of Nassau, freeing Hesse of the supremacy of the Archbishop of Mainz. Henry was bestowed with
Eschwege and the Boyneburg (with Sontra), stengthening his position in Hesse. By skillful diplomacy he gained the cities ofSooden-Allendorf ,Kaufungen ,Witzenhausen ,Immenhausen ,Grebenstein ,Wanfried ,Staufenberg ,Trendelburg andReinhardswald .In 1263 Henry had married Adelheid of Brunswick, daughter of Duke Otto of Brunswick, who bore him four daughters and the sons Henry ("the Younger") and Otto. After Adelheid's death in 1274, Henry had married Mechthild, daughter of Count
Thierry VI of Cleves , who bore him another four daughters and the sons John and Louis.In 1292 internal conflict arose about the question of Henry's successor. Mechthild of Cleves demanded on her sons receiving a share of the heritage, while Henry and Otto, Henry's sons by his first wife, insisted on excluding their stepbrothers from the inheritance. This led to civil war lasting throughout the rest of Henry's lifetime. After his death, the inheritance was divided between Otto, who received Lower Hesse ("Niederhessen"), centred around Kassel, and John, who received Upper Hesse ("Oberhessen") around Marburg. Henry the Younger had died during the conflict, while Johann's younger brother Ludwig had entered the clergy and became
bishop of Münster in 1310Henry was buried there in St. Elisabeth's Church in Marburg, which became the gravesite of the succeeding Landgraves for several more centuries.
Children
First marriage (1263) to Adelheid, daughter of
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1244–1274)
#Sophia (1264–after12 August 1331 ), married 1276 to CountOtto I of Waldeck .
#Henry the Younger (1265–23 August 1298 ).
#Matilda (1267–after 1332), married to:
##1283 CountGottfried of Ziegenhain ;
##after11 October 1309 Philipp III of Falkenstein-Munzenberg .
#Adelheid (1268–7 December 1315 ), married 1284 to CountBertold VII of Henneberg .
#Elisabeth (1269/70–19 February 1293 ), married ca. 1287 to CountJohann of Sayn .
#an unnamed son (ca. 1270–ca. 1274).
#Otto (ca 1272–17 January 1328 ).Second marriage (1276) to
Mechthild of Cleves ,
#John (d. 1311,Kassel ).
#Elisabeth (ca. 1276–after6 July 1306 ), married to
##1290 Duke Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel;
##1294Gerhard of Eppstein .
#Agnes (ca. 1277–1335), married to BurgraveJohn I of Nuremberg .
#Louis (1282/83–18 August 1357 ), Bishop ofMünster in 1310-57.
#Elisabeth (d. after30 October 1308 ), married 1299 to CountAlbrecht III von Görz .
#Katharina (d. 1322), married to CountOtto IV of Orlamünde .
#Jutta (d.13 October 1317 ), married 1311 to Duke Otto of Braunschweig-Göttingen.External links
* [http://susi.e-technik.uni-ulm.de:8080/Meyers2/seite/werk/meyers/band/8/seite/0322/meyers_b8_s0322.html Article at
Meyers Konversationslexikon ]
* [http://online-media.uni-marburg.de/ma_geschichte/lgr/hilfsmittel_stamm.html Family Tree of Landgraves of Hesse (German)]
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