Brigadoon

Infobox Musical
name= Brigadoon


caption= Cover of original cast recording
music= Frederick Loewe
lyrics= Alan Jay Lerner
book= Alan Jay Lerner
basis=
productions= 1947 Broadway
1949 West End
1954 film
1957 Broadway revival
1963 Broadway revival
1966 Television
1980 Broadway revival
awards=

"Brigadoon" is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe.

It tells the story of a mysterious Scottish village that appears for only one day every hundred years, though to the villagers, the passing of each century seems no longer than one night. The enchantment is viewed by them as a blessing rather than a curse, for it saved the village from destruction. According to their covenant with God, no one from Brigadoon may ever leave, or the enchantment will be broken and the site and all its inhabitants will disappear into the mist forever. Two American tourists, lost in the Scottish Highlands, stumble upon the village just as a wedding is about to be celebrated, and their arrival has serious implications for the village's inhabitants.

Origins of the story

Lerner's book was based on a much older German story by Friedrich Gerstäcker about the mythical village of Germelshausen that fell under an evil magic curse. In 1947, memories of World War II were too fresh to present a German-themed musical on Broadway, so Lerner reimagined the story in Scotland, complete with kilts, bonnie lasses, bagpipes, Highland flings and "Heather on the Hill". Lerner's name for his imaginary locale was probably based on a well-known Scottish landmark, the Brig o' Doon (Bridge of Doon), in Alloway, Scotland, in the heart of Robert Burns country. According to Burns' poem "Tam o'Shanter," this 13th century stone bridge is where the legendary Tam o' Shanter fled on his horse Meg in order to escape from three witches who were chasing him.

"Brig" is a common Lowland Scots word meaning "bridge." It occurs in several English versions of Scottish placenames, such as Brig o' Balgownie.

Other sources suggest that the fictional village's name was constructed from the Celtic word "briga," which means "town" (such as in the old city names of Segobriga, Brigantium....) and the Scottish Gaelic "dùn," which means a fort, e.g. Dundee or Dunfermline. The name may also be a reference to the Celtic Goddess Brigid, as in "Brigid's Hill." See also Alloway for another interpretation.

Productions

The original Broadway production, directed by Robert Lewis and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, opened March 13 1947 at the Ziegfeld Theatre, where it ran for 581 performances. It starred David Brooks as Tommy, Marion Bell as Fiona, Lee Sullivan as Charlie, James Mitchell as Harry, and Pamela Britton as Meg. De Mille won the Tony Award for Best Choreography, and Bell and Mitchell won the Theatre World Award.

The musical's original West End production opened on April 14 1949 at Her Majesty's Theatre, running for an even more successful 685 performances. It starred Philip Hanna as Tommy, Patricia Hughes as Fiona, James Jamieson as Harry, and Noele Gordon as Meg.

The first Broadway revival, directed by George H. Englund and choreographed by De Mille, opened on April 15 1957 at the Adelphi Theatre, where it ran for 24 performances. The cast included David Atkinson, Helen Gallagher, Patricia Birch, and Marilyn Cooper.

The second Broadway revival, directed by John Fearnley and choreographed by De Mille, opened on January 30 1963 at New York City Center, where it ran for 16 performances. The cast included Peter Palmer, Russell Nype, Sally Ann Howes, and Edward Villella. It was Tony-nominated for Best Actress in a Musical (Howes), Best Direction of a Musical, and Best Conductor and Musical Director.

After eight previews, the third Broadway revival, directed by Vivian Matalon and choreographed by De Mille, opened on October 16 1980 at the Majestic Theatre, where it ran for 133 performances. The cast included Meg Bussert, Martin Vidnovic, and John Curry. Midnovic received Tony and Drama Desk Award nominations, Bussert earned a Tony nod and won the Theatre World Award, and the production was Tony-nominated for Best Reproduction.

Adaptations

Film

A Cinemascope film version of "Brigadoon", directed by Vincente Minnelli, was released by MGM in 1954 with Gene Kelly, Van Johnson and Cyd Charisse in leading roles. The MacLaren family name was changed to Campbell.

Television

A 1966 television version, shown as a color special on the ABC television network, made use of a modernized, abbreviated script that accommodated much more of the score than the film version had, yet the entire production ran only ninety minutes with commercials; the result won five Emmy awards. In this production, Tommy and Jeff were participating in an auto race when their car stalled just outside of Brigadoon. This version starred Robert Goulet as Tommy, Peter Falk as Jeff, and Sally Ann Howes as Fiona, with Finlay Currie in one of his last roles as Mr. Lundie, Edward Villella as Harry Beaton, and Marlyn Mason as Meg. "My Mother's Wedding Day" was restored to this version, though "Once in the Highlands", "Jeannie's Packin' Up", and "The Love of My Life" were still absent.

The 1966 telecast of "Brigadoon" has not been shown since its 1967 rebroadcast on ABC, nor has it ever appeared on videocassette or DVD.

Future Broadway revival

A revival of "Brigadoon" had been scheduled to start in Boston at the Colonial Theatre in October 2008 and then move to Broadway in Spring 2009. According to an article in "playbill.com", the Boston and Broadway engagements have been postponed "due to the lack of an appropriate Broadway theatre in spring 2009." [Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/119942.html "Broadway-Aimed Brigadoon Postponed",] playbill.com, July 30, 2008 ]

Plot

;Act I
New Yorkers Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas have traveled to the Scottish Highlands on a game-hunting vacation, only to get lost their first night out. While consulting a map and discussing Tommy's general ennui, they begin to hear music ("Brigadoon"); then they notice, in a valley nearby, a small village where the map says there should be nothing! Tommy and Jeff decide to visit it, if only to get directions back to their inn, and they walk off towards it.

Meanwhile, in the town itself, a fair has begun ("McConnachy Square"), with the local vendors selling milk, ale, wool, and other products. Everyone is dressed in traditional Scottish apparel, replete with kilts, sporrans, and ghillies. We are introduced to Meg Brockie, a dairy vendor with a taste for gentlemanly companionship; Angus McGuffie, her employer; Archie Beaton, seller of wool and plaids; and his son Harry.

As the fair continues, the MacLaren family enters, consisting of patriarch Andrew and his two daughters Fiona, a beautiful girl of about 24, and Jean, who is dainty and sweet and approximately 18. They are there to purchase supplies for the wedding of Jean to Charlie Dalrymple. It is revealed that Harry Beaton is still madly in love with Jean, and is very depressed at the thought of her marrying another. One of the other girls asks Fiona when she will get married, and she responds, "When I find someone who makes me think of it." She explains why she would rather wait to find true love than end up marrying the wrong person ("Waitin' For My Dearie").

Just then, Tommy and Jeff wander in from the hillside. They and the Scottish folks stare at each other with bewilderment until Tommy asks where they are, and is told "Brigadoon." Fiona introduces herself to Tommy, and offers the Americans a bite to eat and a place to rest. Meg immediately takes a liking to Jeff and leads him off, as Charlie Dalrymple appears. He's a handsome young man of about 24. He shares some celebratory claret with Tommy, toasting to a Mr. Forsythe whom he thanks for "postponing the miracle." Tommy asks what he means by this, but Fiona shushes him and leads him away, as Charlie sings about the end of his bachelorhood ("Go Home with Bonnie Jean").

Tommy and Fiona return and talk about his impending marriage to his fiancée Jane; clearly Tommy is in no hurry to marry her, and sparks begin to fly between him and Fiona when she reveals that she likes him very much, although "dinna" likes anything he says. She attempts to leave to gather heather for the wedding, but Tommy insists on going with her ("The Heather on the Hill").

Meg has taken Jeff to a place in the forest with a cot where he can rest. She tells him she's "highly attracted" to him, but he wants nothing but sleep and spurns her advances. She reveals her sordid love life ("The Love Of My Life") as he falls asleep.

In the MacLaren home, all of Jean's friends are helping her pack her things to move into Charlie's home ("Jeannie's Packin' Up"). Charlie appears to sign the MacLaren family bible, and tries to see Jean, but is told it's bad luck to see her on the wedding day; he begs for her to come out anyway ("Come To Me, Bend To Me"). The girls disperse as Tommy and Fiona enter with a basket full of heather they've picked. Fiona follows Jean upstairs to help her dress for the wedding, and Jeff enters wearing a pair of Highland trews (trousers); apparently his own pants have been damaged on a "thistle." Jeff asks Tommy how he feels, and Tommy is so happy that he can barely contain it ("Almost Like Being In Love").

Then Tommy notices the family bible, which contains the names of all the people he's met that day, but every important event attached to them, including the impending wedding of Charlie and Jean, is listed as if it had happened two hundred years earlier. He calls Fiona down to question her about this, and she tells him he'll have to see the local schoolmaster, Mr. Lundie, to get the full explanation.

Fiona, Tommy, and Jeff arrive at Mr. Lundie's home, where he gives the two New Yorkers a story they can hardly believe: two hundred years ago, the local parish pastor prayed to God to have Brigadoon disappear, only to reappear for one day every 100 years, to protect it from being changed by the outside world. None of the people of Brigadoon can be permitted to leave the town or it will disappear forever. Tommy, looking at Fiona, asks hypothetically if an outsider could be permitted to stay. Mr. Lundie replies, "A stranger can stay if he loves someone here - not jus' Brigadoon, mind ye, but someone in Brigadoon - enough to want to give up everythin' an' stay with that one person. Which is how it should be. 'Cause after all, lad, if he love someone deeply, anythin' is possible."

The group leaves to go to the wedding, which opens with the Clans coming in from out of the hills. Charlie and Jean are married by Mr. Lundie, and they perform a traditional wedding dance to celebrate. After a time, sword dancers appear, led by Harry, and they put their weapons on the ground and "spin like dervishes." The rest of the town joins in the dance, but abruptly halt as Jean's scream alerts them to Harry trying to kiss her. He announces that he's leaving the town (which would end the miracle, causing Brigadoon to disappear forever into the Highland mists) and sprints away as Act I ends.

;Act II

The men of the town are frantically trying to find Harry before he can set foot outside of the town ("The Chase"). The music becomes more and more agitated, and suddenly, an agonized scream is heard. Harry Beaton is found dead by the other men, who assume he must have fallen on a rock and crushed his skull. The men decide not to tell the rest of the town until the next morning, so that the wedding can continue without further grief. The men carry Harry's body away, and Fiona and her father come on stage to see if everything is all right. Mr. MacLaren leaves as Tommy reenters; he and Fiona embrace. She reveals her love for him, and he tells her he believes he feels the same way ("There But For You Go I"). Fiona reminds him that the end of the day is near, and Tommy tells her he wants to stay in Brigadoon with her. They leave to find Mr. Lundie.

Meanwhile, the men have returned to town, where Meg is telling about the day her parents were drunkenly married ("My Mother's Wedding Day"), and the townsfolk begin to relax and dance again, until the sound of the Highland Pipes pierces the air. Archie Beaton enters carrying Harry's body, led by the pipers playing a pìobaireachd, and Maggie Anderson, who loved Harry, performs a funeral dance for her unrequited love. The men of Brigadoon help Archie carry his son to the burial place.

Tommy finds Jeff and tells him of his plans to stay. Jeff thinks the idea absurd, and argues with Tommy until he has convinced him that Brigadoon is nothing but a dream. He also admits that it was he who tripped Harry and accidentally killed him. Fiona and Mr. Lundie enter, and Tommy, shaken by Jeff's confession, tells Fiona that even though he loves her, he can't stay because he can't shake his fears and doubts ("From This Day On"). Fiona tells Tommy that she'll love him forever as she fades away into the darkness.

Four months later, we find Jeff back in New York, drinking heavily at a hotel bar. Tommy enters, and the two have a joyous reunion, as Tommy has been living on a farm in New Hampshire since his return from Scotland. He tells Jeff that he's still in love with Fiona; he can't stop thinking about her, and daydreams of her constantly, to the point of being unable to hold a conversation with anyone. Jane Ashford, his fiancée, a beautiful socialite in her late 20s, enters as Jeff exits, and begins to talk to Tommy, but everything she says causes him to hear Fiona's voice and dream of Brigadoon (Reprises of "Come to Me, Bend to Me," "Heather on the Hill"). Tommy suddenly interrupts her and tells her that he can't marry her. She argues with him, but he continues to daydream about his true love (Reprises of "Go Home With Bonnie Jean," "From This Day On"). As Jane leaves, Tommy calls Jeff and tells him he wants to return to Scotland, even though he knows it won't do any good.

Tommy and Jeff have returned to the spot where Brigadoon was; as expected, there's nothing there. Tommy laments, "Why do people have to lose things to find out what they really mean?" Just as he and Jeff turn to leave, they hear the music again ("Brigadoon"), and Mr. Lundie appears. Tommy walks across the bridge to him, as Mr. Lundie explains: "You shouldna be too surprised, lad. I told ye when ye love someone deeply, anythin' is possible. Even miracles." Tommy waves goodbye to Jeff, who stares incredulously as Tommy and Mr. Lundie disappear into the mist.

ong list

;Act I
*Overture
*Prelude (Once In The Highlands)
*Brigadoon
* Vendors' Calls
*Down On MacConnachy Square
*Waitin' For My Dearie
*I'll Go Home With Bonnie Jean
*The Heather On The Hill
*Rain Exorcism †
*The Love Of My Life
*Jeannie's Packin' Up
*Come To Me, Bend To Me
*Almost Like Being In Love
*Wedding Dance ‡
*The Sword Dance ‡ ;Act II
*The Chase
*There But For You Go I
*Steps Stately †
*Drunken Reel †
*My Mother's Wedding Day
*Funeral Dance
*From This Day On
*Farewell Music
*Reprises: Come To Me, Bend to Me / The Heather on the Hill / From This Day On
*Finale (Brigadoon)† Added in 1980 Revival‡ Moved to Act II in 1980 Revival

Recordings

*1947 Original Broadway cast recording (incomplete, due to recording limitations of the period; some lyrics were censored)
*1954 Original motion picture soundtrack (originally incomplete, but re-released on CD with deleted songs, alternate takes, and undubbed vocals)
*1957 studio cast recording (starring Shirley Jones and Jack Cassidy, with Frank Poretta, Susan Johnson, and Portia Nelson)
*1959 studio cast recording (starring Robert Merrill, Jan Peerce, and Jane Powell)
*1960 Mexican cast recording (starring Hugo Avendaño, Graciela Garza, Jorge Lagunez, and Amparo Arozamena)
*1966 Television cast recording (starring Sally Ann Howes, Robert Goulet, and Peter Falk)
*1988 London revival cast recording (starring Robert Meadmore; some character names and dates were altered to make the show more historically accurate)
*1991 Studio cast recording (starring Rebecca Luker and Brent Barrett, Judy Kaye, and Gregory Jbara)
*1998 Studio cast recording (starring Ethen Freeman, Janis Kelly, Megan Kelly, and Maurice Clarke; this recording was later rerecorded with George Dvorsky in the leading role and re-released)
* (year unknown) Studio cast (starring Barry Kent and Elizabeth Larner)

References in popular culture

*Brigadoon is referenced in Lawrence Miles' "Doctor Who" novel "Alien Bodies". An alien is using a "Brigadoon" circuit to hide his activity from Earth's authorities.
*Also in the Lexx episode "Brigadoom".
*Brigadoon is referenced in The Waterboys' song "The Whole of the Moon" - "I saw the rain-dirty valley...you saw Brigadoon."
*Brigadoon is also referenced in Ann Granger's whodunnit "Flowers For His Funeral" where Meredith Mitchell has difficulties finding a village and this is compared to trying to find legendary Brigadoon.
*Brigadoon is also referenced in an episode of Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, where the castle of Gummadoon was enchanted to only appear for one day every 100 years.
*Brigadoon is referenced in the 1997 movie "The MatchMaker", when Janeane Garofalo accuses David O'Hara of living in Brigadoon.
*Brigadoon is referenced in "The Simpsons Road Rage" video game: if the player-controlled driver is slow in getting Groundskeeper Willy to his destination, Willy will say "Ach, since we started Brigadoon's come back twice!"
*Brigadoon is referenced in "Veronica Mars" in the episode "You Think You Know Somebody," when Troy's car is not where it used to be, and Logan says, "I don't know. Maybe it's like Brigadoon. Come back in a hundred years and it'll be right back in this spot."
*Brigadoon is again referenced on "Veronica Mars" during the season three episode 'Welcome Wagon'. Veronica asks Piz, "Where are you from, Brigadoon?" after he has all of his possessions stolen from his car, which he left unlocked.
*Brigadoon is referenced in "Quantum Leap" in the third episode of a series of episodes entitled 'Trilogy'. Sam notices a little girl who absent mindedly exclaims 'Brigadoon' to herself. They talk about the tale and she asks him if he believes it is possible for someone to go back in time for someone they love. She tells him that she would like to go back in time to meet her father. Unknown to both of them, Sam is her father.
*The mystical town is also referenced in the film "Four Weddings and a Funeral" by Gareth (Simon Callow) when he sees the grand spectacle of Carrie and Hamish's traditional Scottish wedding reception. "It's Brigadoon!" Gareth exclaims. "It's bloody Brigadoon!"
* In Reginald Hill's Dalziel & Pascoe series, Det. Supt. Andrew Dalziel frequently calls the village of Enscombe "Brigadoon."
* Brigadoon is mentioned in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode "".
*Brigadoon is referenced in Family Guy, as Donny Most (Ralph from Happy Days) rises from the mist, as he does every 100 years.
*Brigadoon is referenced in The West Wing during a Big Block of Cheese Day episode. Leaving a Peters projection map presentation by a group of cartographers for social equality, Josh Lyman mockingly asks C.J. Cregg, "These guys find Brigadoon on that map, you'll call me, right?"
*Brigadoon is referenced in the Comic fantasy novel 'Barking' by Tom Holt, strange files in a lawyer's office are described as "title deeds that only show up once every hundred years, like the enchanted village of Brigadoon".
*The virtual reality world Second Life has an island named Brigadoon, which is a recreation of the novel. It was created by "Pathfinder Linden". A second sim, Caledon Brigadoon, created by Desmond Shang, has "something wonderful and mysterious appearing in the valley" in the middle of the sim for a few hours each month.
*Brigadoon is referenced in the Beetlejuice episode 'Brinkadoom', where the characters enter a cursed village which disappears for an eternity as soon as all its inhabitants fall asleep.
*A Brigadoon style plot forms the basis of the episode " Meridian", in which Jadzia Dax falls in love with a man whose planet enters this dimension for only twelve days once every sixty years.
*In The Book of Ultimate Truths by Robert Rankin, Cornelius Murphy and Tuppe travel to a village called Milcom Moloch which only appears one night every several years.
*Brigadoon did not appear in Channel 4's Top 100 Musicals

References

ee also

*Xanadu (film)

External links

*imdb title|id=0046807|title=Brigadoon
*ibdb title|id=1534|title=Brigadoon (original 1947 Broadway production)
* [http://www.nodanw.com/shows_b/brigadoon.htm Information about the original 1949 West End production]
*ibdb title|id=2625|title=Brigadoon (1957 Broadway revival)
*ibdb title|id=13515|title=Brigadoon (1963 Broadway revival)
*ibdb title|id=3971|title=Brigadoon (1980 Broadway revival)