- James Chalmers (loyalist)
James Chalmers (1727–1806) was a Loyalist officer and
pamphleteer in theAmerican Revolution . Born in Elgin, Morayshire,Scotland , Chalmers was an ambitious military strategist during the War of Independence, but was apparently kept at arm's length by British commandersSir William Howe andSir Henry Clinton .American Revolution
In 1776, he authored a pamphlet entitled "Plain Truth," a rebuke of
Thomas Paine 's "Common Sense". Going under the pen name "Candidus," Chalmers attacked Paine's views as "quackery."After conditions grew intolerable in
Chestertown, Maryland , where he lived, Chalmers accompanied the British army up theChesapeake Bay as it made its way toPhiladelphia in August 1777. After theBattle of Brandywine in September, the city fell to the British in early October. OnOctober 14 , Chalmers was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the First Battalion of Maryland Loyalists. In correspondence with British commanders, he often advocated British occupation of theEastern Shore of Maryland but was ignored. His regiment served with little distinction. Its only military engagement was the siege of Pensacola in 1781, where the entire regiment was captured by Spanish forces. Chalmers, however, was in British-occupied New York City at the time.Final years
After the war, Chalmers settled in England and wrote another pamphlet attacking Paine's economic policies as well as a pamphlet regarding war in
Santo Domingo . He appears to have frequently socialized with other expatriate loyalists such asWilliam Franklin , the son ofBenjamin Franklin and former Royal Governor of New Jersey.Chalmers died at his home, 12 Paradise Row, in
Chelsea, London onOctober 4 ,1806 . He was buried in the chapel near the altar of Stow Maries Church, near Chelmsford, County of Essex, on October 10. The inscription on the stone reads: "Beneath this stone are deposited the remains of Col. James Chalmers late of Chelsea, County of Middlesex, who departed this life Oct. 3, 1806, aged 72 years."Reference/Suggested reading
"Maryland Loyalists in the American Revolution" by M. Christopher New. Tidewater Publishers; Centreville, MD, 1996.
Elginburgh Register of Sasines; microfiche index to the old parish registers of Morayshire; Elgin baptismal register.
Essex County Record Office, E.R.O. T/P 196/6
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