HMS Apollo (1799)

HMS "Apollo", the fourth ship of the Royal Navy to be named for the Greek god Apollo, was a fifth-rate frigate of 36 guns launched in 1799 and wrecked with heavy loss of life in 1804.

Early life

"Apollo" was built at Deptford in 1799, taking the name "Apollo" from a fifth-rate of the same name which had been wrecked off Holland in January. She was commissioned in October under Captain Peter Halkett — who had commanded the previous "Apollo" when she was lost — and was posted to the West Indies, cruising there and escorting convoys to Britain. In November of that year, cruising in the Gulf of Mexico, she recaptured the sloop "Resolution", of 16 guns, which had been captured by Spain; however, after towing her for two weeks, she was found to be "generally rotten" and had to be sunk. The "Apollo" took two other prizes around this time. She returned to Portsmouth in March 1802 to be paid off after the Peace of Amiens, and was rushed into commission again in October of that year, for service in the Channel under Captain John William Taylor Dixon. She captured a French brig, the "Dart", in June 1803. [http://www.cronab.demon.co.uk/A4.HTM Sailing ships of the Royal Navy, A4] ]

Fate

On 26 March 1804, she sailed from Cork with a convoy of sixty-nine merchantmen, accompanied by HMS "Carysfort", immediately encountering a strong gale. After five days, believing the convoy to be safely far from shore, "Apollo" ran aground off the Portuguese coast near Cape Mondego in the early morning of April 2; about forty of the vessels in the convoy, travelling closely behind due to the low visibility and bad weather, were also wrecked. All the boats of the frigate were destroyed, and it took two days to bring the crew of the "Apollo" off the wreck and onto the shore. Sixty officers and men were killed; [A list of the drowned was published in the "Times" of May 2nd 1804; it included Captain Dixon and one of his lieutenants.] around twenty of them died in the first few hours, but most perished of exposure waiting to be rescued. The number of dead in the merchant vessels is not known, but contemporary records suggest that it was high. "Carysfort" and her half of the convoy had shifted course on the evening of the 1st, taking advantage of a change in the wind, and so escaped the fate of their companions.

It transpired that an iron tank had been shipped on board the "Apollo", and her compass had not been adjusted to deal with the disturbances caused by the large metal mass of the tank; the minor errors accumulated over the course of the voyage, and when she struck the coast, she was thought to be some forty miles out to sea. ["The companion to the British almanac, for the year 1874", p. 53. London, 1875.] The convoy had been sailing in consistently heavy weather since leaving Cork, in conditions where taking sightings to correct their position would have been near-impossible; as a result, they could only estimate their position from a known speed and an inaccurate heading.

Notes

References

*cite book | last = Gilly | first = William O.S. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Narratives of shipwrecks of the Royal navy between 1793 and 1849 | publisher = John W. Parker | date = 1850 | location = London | pages = | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pDsIAAAAQAAJ | doi = | id = | isbn =