25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun

Infobox Weapon
name= mitrailleuse de 25 mm CA mle 39


caption= Preserved 25 CA 39 at Musée des Blindés
origin= France
type=Gas operated autocannon
is_ranged=YES
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is_artillery=YES
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wars= Second World War
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weight= 115 kg (253 lbs)
length=
part_length=1.5 m (5 ft)
crew=9
cartridge= HE, AP
caliber=25 x 163 mm (.98 in)
action= gas
rate= 220 rounds/min
velocity= 900 m/s (2,953 fps)
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feed=15 round box
sights=
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The Hotchkiss 25 mm anti-aircraft gun was a anti-aircraft autocannon designed by the French firm of Hotchkiss. It served in World War II with French, Japanese and other nations' forces. Other than the designer company and the calibre, this weapon is not related to the semi-automatic 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun, in particular, the cartridge used is different.

Development

After World War I the French military expressed a need for an anti-aircraft autocannon. The Hotchkiss company submitted its 25 mm design, but it was rejected as being too slow-firing, so the weapon was proposed for export instead. In 1938, as the international situation was worsening, and the favoured Schneider 37 mm autocannon was still not ready for production, the French military decided to reconsider its refusal to Hotchkiss, who had just won a contract with Romania. The export guns were held in France and impressed into domestic service. The original tripod was found to be unstable, which lead to the development of a revised variant with a triangular base with a two-wheel carriage. This new variant was chosen for mass production, but at the time of the German attack in May 1940, only a few hundred of these guns were in service. With them and only approximately two hundred Oerlikons, the lack of modern light AA guns greatly hampered the French army in the campaign.

Foreign use

* Romania eventually received a shipment of the guns in 1943, after the Germans had captured them in France in 1940.

* Japan bought a license to manufacture the weapon, which became the Type 96 and was used on most Japanese warships of World War II (see main article Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun).

Variants

* mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1938 the original tripod-mounted gun intended for Romania.

* mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1939 heavier, more stable carriage.

* mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1940 faster-firing variant on fixed mouting for naval and static defense use, cartwheel sights.

* mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1940 jumelée ground-based twin variant.

References

* Ferrard, Stéphane. "France 1940 l'armement terrestre", ETAI, 1998, ISBN 978-2-7268-8380-8
* "Notice provisoire du matériel de 25 m/m C.A. Modèle 1938", Manufacture d'armes de Levallois, 1939
* "Rapid fire", Anthony G. Williams, ISBN 1-84037-435-7

See also

* Anti-aircraft
* 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, a closely related weapon

External links

* [http://www.histavia21.net/Old-Munavia-21org/AMMOS/25hotchkiss38.htm Munitions de 25 mm Hotchkiss Modèle 1938] (in French)