- Backing track
A backing track is an audio or
MIDI recording, which musicians play or sing along to in order to add parts to their music which would be impractical to perform live. [ [http://www.dilettantesdictionary.org/index.php?let=b Dilettante's Dictionary ] ] [ [http://www.sudeepaudio.com/glossary_details.php?cat=Music+Production+Terms Sudeep Audio : Glossary of music terms ] ]Uses
Bands or solo musicians may use backing tracks to add extra instrumental or vocal tracks to a live performance, to enhance the sound (as in the employment of doubled backing vocals) or to replicate more closely the instrumentation on record (as in the use of additional recorded parts such as string sections.) A singer or vocal group performing without a band may sing along to pre-recorded music. A music track without lead vocals may also be called a
karaoke , or minus-one track. Inelectronic music , some parts which have been programmed are too fast or complex to be played by a musician. Backing tracks are also used when some or all members of a group are miming the playing of their instruments,lip-synch ing or usingguide track s.Also, certain situations may dictate that a backing track must be used; many television programs require that acts perform only the vocals live to simplify the process of mixing the performance. The
Eurovision Song Contest requires backing tracks as well; the thought there is a combination of the mixing issue and the need to switch between acts very quickly, which would be difficult if all acts were performing live music.Equipment
Prior to the advent of computers, backing tracks were generally employed through the use of audio tape synced with the live performance. In the 1980s, digital sequencers afforded a new option for bands based in
electronic music : a sequencer could be programmed with theMIDI control data to play back an entire song live, by generating the sound on the spot fromsynthesizers . [ [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/nov03/articles/backingtracks.htm Preparing Backing Tracks For Live Use ] ] However, it was not until the advent of the computer (and more specifically, thedigital audio workstation ) that musicians were given any real choice beyond the use of tape. Today, the methods used for backing tracks vary; smaller bands frequently use CDs, DAT playback,MiniDisc or even anMP3 player ; larger acts more commonly use computers.Issues
The use of backing tracks has drawn some criticism from the world of music. Many fans dislike the use of tracks live, feeling that it detracts from the integrity of a performance; however, the amount of criticism tends to vary with the amount of tracks used. Simple playback of additional audio such as complex synthesizer parts tends to draw the least criticism; the heaviest is usually reserved for instances of
lip synching . Some musicians have also spoken out against the use of backing tracks; notably,Elton John made the news when he lambasted lip synching in 2004, saying that "Anyone who lip-synchs in public onstage when you pay 75 pounds to see them should be shot." (Specifically, he levied this criticism at Madonna, who does use backing tracks on tour, although accusations of lip synching were immediately denied by her management. John later rescinded his claims of lip synching, although he continued to criticize her use of backing tracks.)However, some musicians continue to defend the use of tracks. For instance,
Pet Shop Boys state that "There's no sneaky secrecy about it" and that their electronically-based music would sound "sloppy" if played live, a view that has been echoed by other electronic groups. [http://www.answers.com/topic/pet-shop-boys Pet Shop Boys: Information and Much More from Answers.com ] ] More seriously,Roger Waters has admitted to using a pre-recorded vocal track to augment his live vocals on certain songs; his bandmember Norbert Stachel has agreed that it would be better for Waters to use the track than to lose his voice. [ [http://www.brain-damage.co.uk/other-related-interviews/norbert-stachel-august-2002-with-brain-d.html Pink Floyd news :: Brain Damage - Norbert Stachel - August 2002 - with Brain Damage ] ]Examples
Various sorts of tracks can be used in performance. This list includes artists who use each practice as illustrations; each list is not, however, authoritative and provides only a few examples.
*Playback of pre-recorded backing vocals to augment the live performance - as used by
Beyonce Knowles ,Earth Wind and Fire ,Mariah Carey ,The Pussycat Dolls and others*Playback of additional or selected lead vocals (eg. to enhance the performance) - Journey (in 2006 only), Madonna (has ceased the practice),
Roger Waters *Total playback of lead vocals -
Britney Spears ,The Cheeky Girls ,Milli Vanilli *Playback of additional musical parts such as keyboards -
Kasabian , Keane, Madonna, Muse,U2 ,Weird Al Yankovic (by way of video screen playback, mostly in Fat orWhite and Nerdy )*Playback of large portions of the backing music -
Buckethead [ [http://www.warr.org/concerts.html#Buckethead040409 W & A Concert Reviews ] ] ,Ehron VonAllen ,Pet Shop Boys ,Thomas Dolby [ [http://createdigitalmusic.com/2007/07/13/thomas-dolby-extras-live-performance-technical-details-logic-maxmsp/ Create Digital Music » Thomas Dolby Extras: Live Performance Technical Details, Logic + Max/MSP ] ] ,The Wiggles [ [http://www.thewiggles.com.au/help/faq/7 FAQs ~ Help ~ The Wiggles ] ]*Total playback of backing music -
Girlicious ,Morning Musume ,The Pussycat Dolls ,Village People [ [http://www.classicbands.com/VillagePeopleInterview.html Village People Interview ] ] ,References
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