Guilt offering

Guilt offering

A guilt offering (Hebrew: asham "sin," or ashamot plural "sins"‎), also referred to as a trespass offering (KJV, 1611), is a type of Biblical sacrifice, specifically a sacrifice made as a compensation payment. It is distinct from the sin offering.

Hebrew Bible

The main passage is Leviticus 7, which refers to the offering "for sin" or "for sins" (in the Greek Septuagint it is the [offering] peri tes plemmeleias περὶ τῆς πλημμελείας ).

In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar.

— Leviticus 7:2, KJV

Such compensation usually took the form of an unblemished ram, as a penalty, in addition to the victim being given restitution of the loss, plus an additional 20% of the value of the loss.[1] Monetary restitution had to be given in the pre-exile version of the currency (the shekel of the sanctuary), rather than the currency of the time, leading to the presence of currency exchanges in the temple (hence the New Testament narrative of Jesus and the Money Changers).

Such compensation payments were given on occasion of:[2]

  • infringing the rights of the priests to portions of other sacrifices (referred to in the text as God's holy things)
  • unknown potential infringement of the regulations - as these infringements were unknown and possibly non-existent, this was voluntary (or rather just in case) and the restitution aspect was suspended
  • cheating a kinsman by
    • theft
    • finding lost property and lying about it
    • false oaths
    • extortion

This was also given as part of the purification process for Tzaraat.

Notes and citations

  1. ^ ibid
  2. ^ Conversations with Scripture: the law Kevin A. Wilson - 2006 THE GUILT OFFERING The final offering is the guilt offering, also called the restitution or reparation offering. ... Three cases are given in which a person had to offer a guilt offering: sinning against a holy item, committing an "

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