- Friedrich Ebert junior
Friedrich "Fritz" Ebert (
September 12 ,1894 –December 4 ,1979 ) was a German politician, the son of Germany's first PresidentFriedrich Ebert . He was a Social Democrat like his father before him, but is best known for his role in the origins of theSocialist Unity Party of Germany and theGerman Democratic Republic , in which he served in various positions.Early life
Born in Bremen, Fritz Ebert underwent an apprenticeship as a printer from 1909 to 1913. In 1910 he joined the Socialist Workers' Youth and in 1913 the SPD. From 1915 to 1918 he fought in the
First World War . During theWeimar Republic , he worked for various socialdemocratic newspapers.In 1933, he was arrested for illegal political activity and detained for eight months in various
concentration camp s, e.g. Oranienburg and Börgermoor. In 1939 he was conscripted into the army. In 1940 he worked at the Reichsverlagsamt (publishers' office). Until 1945 he was under constant police surveillance.Career in East Germany
After the demise of the Third Reich, he was elected chairman of the SPD in the Prussian province of Brandenburg. Being the son of a former President made Ebert one of the foremost political leaders in East Germany. His role in this period can be compared with that of
Jan Masaryk in post-warCzechoslovakia . Ebert was courted by the leaders of the Communist Party (KPD), who were aiming for unification of the much larger SPD with the smaller KPD. They wanted to use his father's supposed role in the breaking-up of the unity of the German working class in 1918 to get the young Ebert's support for the unification.In 1946 the unification of the two parties' branches in the Soviet Occupation Zone was carried out under Soviet pressure. After the creation of the new party, the
Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), Ebert was elected to theCentral Committee and from 1949 was also a member of thePolitburo .After the end of Allied cooperation and the break up of the administration of Berlin, Ebert became mayor of
East Berlin ; he remained mayor until 1967.He was a member of the
Deutscher Volksrat , a preliminary parliament that drew up the first constitution of the GDR, and after 1949 he also became a member of the People's Chamber, the parliament of the GDR. Between 1949 and 1971 he served as the chamber's deputy president. In 1971 he was elected chairman of the SED faction in the People's Chamber. From 1960 he was also a member of the Council of State and from 1971 its deputy chairman. As such, he was acting head of state in 1973 afterWalter Ulbricht 's death until the election ofWilli Stoph .Ebert lived in
Majakowskiring street,Pankow ,East Berlin .Ebert was decorated with the
Order of Karl Marx , the "Vaterländischer Verdienstorden" and the "Großer Stern der Völkerfreundschaft". After his resignation as mayor, the magistrate of East Berlin awarded him honorary citizenship, which was however revoked in 1992.
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