- Joshua Toulmin
Infobox Person
name= Joshua Toulmin
caption= A Radical Dissenting minister
birth_date=birth date|1740|4|30|df=y
birth_place=London ,England
death_date=death date and age|1815|7|23|1740|4|30|df=y
death_place=Birmingham ,England
occupation= Dissenting Minister
spouse= Jane SmithJoshua Toulmin (OldStyleDate|11 May|1740|
30 April –23 July 1815 ) ofTaunton ,England was a noted theologian and a serial Dissenting minister of Presbyterian (1761–1764),Baptist (1765–1803), and then Unitarian (1804-1815) congregations. Toulmin's sympathy for both the American (1775–1783) and French (1787–1799) revolutions led the Englishman to be associated with theUnited States and gained the prolifichistorian the reputation of a religious radical.Rose, Hugh J., (1857). Google Book Search. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC24294348&id=o3HauIguws0C&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=joshua+toulmin+1740 "A New General Biographical Dictionary."] Vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.]Biography
Early life
Toulmin was born in
London , England on30 April 1740 to Caleb Toulmin and Mary Skinner, daughter of Thomas Skinner.On14 September 1752 , theBritish Empire adopted theGregorian calendar , making it necessary to skip eleven days (e.g.,2 September being followed directly by14 September 1752 ). Since Toulmin was alive at the time of Gregorian calendar transition, his birth date was advanced by some records to11 May but not advanced by other records, thereby creating some confusion.] At age eight, on11 November 1748 , Toulmin was admitted toSt. Paul's School in London. As he grew, so did his nonconformist views. Because Toulmin refused to conform to theChurch of England , he next was educated at the Dissenting Academy inWellclose Square located onThe Highway in theEast End of London .The Serial Dissenting Minister
By 1761 at age twenty-one, the Dissenting Academy ordained Toulmin as a Dissenting minister. On graduating from
Wellclose Square Dissenting Academy , now Reverend (Rev.) Toulmin became the Presbyterian minister of his first at Colyton, acivil parish located within eastDevon shire. Although the Colyton congregation was Presbyterian, Toulmin eventually became a convert to the opinions of theBaptist s. Now an antipaedobaptist, Toulmin began to advocateadult baptism and to theologically opposeinfant baptism .Marriage and descendants
At the age of twenty-four, Toulmin married Jane Smith. The Toulmins eventually had twelve children, of whom only five survived. Toulmin's theological objections to infant baptism possibly extended to infant registration, as none of his children's births were registered.Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce. (2006) Toulmin Family Home Page. [http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815.] Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.] Their eldest son,
Harry Toulmin (1766–1823), went on to became a Unitarian minister and then emigrated to America, where eventually he was forced to resign as President ofTransylvania Seminary inLexington, Kentucky "under disapproval of hisSocinian (Unitarian) errors."Keyes, Clara. (2006).Unitarian Universalist Historical Society (UUHS). [http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/harrytoulmin.html Harry Toulmin.] Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.]Joshua Toulmin Smith was his grandson.From Presbyterian to Baptist minister
In 1765, at the age of twenty-five, Toulmin transferred himself to his second congregation at Taunton, in
Somersetshire , as aBaptist minister . For the next thirty-nine years, Toulmin lived in Taunton and had charge of the Taunton Baptist congregation atMary Street Unitarian Chapel ,Taunton's Historic Unitarian Congregation and Chapel (Dec. 2005). [http://www.bath-unitarian.org.uk/taunton/ Unitarian Chapel, Mary Street, Taunton] . Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.] where he also taught school and published most of his sixty-plus works through which he expressed his anti-England sympathy with both theAmerican Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and theFrench Revolution (1787–1799).Because Toulmin favored the
United States andFrance , then-enemies ofEngland , he "could seldom pass through the streets without insult, while to keep company with him was deemed contagious and impossible." For example, during the French Revolution, aneffigy ofThomas Paine was burned before Toulmin's door and his windows were broken.In 1769, Toulmin received a Artium Magister (A.M.) degree from the recently founded
Brown University Brown University was founded in 1764, five years prior to Toulmin's A.M. degree, and was then known as "Rhode Island College"] inProvidence, Rhode Island .In 1778, Toulmin wrote to Rev. Robert Robinson of
Cambridge requesting copies of Rev. Robinson's lectures on nonconformity to use as a guide for Tulmin's own lectures. In the letter (see above), Toulmin expresses his opinion about baptism. [ Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated October 30, 1778. Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/] , Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] , Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] , Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] .]
In 1790, Rev. Toulmin carried out a
census of Taunton and "counted nearly five and a half thousand people living within the area ringed by the turnpike gates." He followed up this census with his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset," which was published in 1791 while he held the titleschoolmaster .Bush, Robin, [http://freespace.virgin.net/paul.mansfield1/taunname.txt The Book of Taunton.] ]In 1794, Rev. Toulmin received his
Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) diploma fromHarvard University in the United States and was accorded the title Doctor.In 1798, Rev. Toulmin's daughter Jane drowned. In the face of this hardship and his longtime political persecutions, he stood strong. For example, during his ministry in Taunton at the
Mary Street Unitarian Chapel , poetSamuel Taylor Coleridge wrote, in a 1798 letter to John Prior Estlin,John Prior Estlin (1747–1817) was a Unitarian minister and friend of English poets Barbauld and Coleridge. See Vargo, Lisa, (Nov. 9, 2004). The Anna Laetitia Barbauld Web Site. [http://www.usask.ca/english/barbauld/notes/estlin_note.html A Note on John Prior Estlin] (adapted by Vargo from theDictionary of National Biography and Richard Holmes, Coleridge: Early Visions (1989))] "I walked into Taunton (eleven miles) and back again, and performed the divine services for Dr. Toulmin. I suppose you must have heard that his daughter, (Jane, on April 15, 1798) in a melancholy derangement, suffered herself to be swallowed up by the tide on the sea-coast betweenSidmouth and Bere (sic. Beer). These events cut cruelly into the hearts of old men: but the good Dr. Toulmin bears it like the true practical Christian, — there is indeed a tear in his eye, but that eye is lifted up to theHeavenly Father ."From Baptist to Unitarian minister
Somewhere along the way, Dr. Toulmin's beliefs changed again from Baptist to Unitarian. In January 1804, at age sixty-four, Dr. Toulmin moved to
Birmingham , England and accepted a position as one of thepastor s of the Birmingham Unitarian congregation, formerly presided over by the co-discover ofoxygen , Dr. Joseph Priestley. Between 1809 and 1811, Dr. Toulmin lived in Birmingham on Paradise Row, and he died there on23 July 1815 , at the age of seventy-five.Dr. Toulmin initially was buried in the Old Meeting graveyard in Birmingham. [The earliest
nonconformist place of worship inBirmingham of which any record remains was "The Old Meeting," which, with its graveyard, was removed in 1882 for the enlargement of the railway station in New Street. Spencer, Andrew, (2005). [http://www.bham.de/index_nonconformists.html "Nonconformism in Birmingham."] (Excerpt by Spencer fromThe British Association Handbook of Birmingham , 1886.) Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.] Histombstone was moved to the borough cemetery at Witton in 1886. At the time of his death, Dr. Toulmin had a plan for an annuitant society for the benefit of widows. However, this society plan came to grief because it was based on London death rates, which differed from those of Birmingham.Notes
Works
Dr. Toulmin was a prolific writer, and is known to have written over sixty publications in the areas of (i)
religion andspirituality ,history ,parenting and families,reference , andnonfiction . [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-author-exact=Joshua%20Toulmin&rank=-relevance%2C%2Bavailability%2C-daterank/104-4605758-7816752 Amazon Books] ] He occasionally contributed to the "Theological Repository ", "The Nonconformists' Memorial ", "The Monthly Magazine ", and otherperiodical publications. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC24294348&id=o3HauIguws0C&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=joshua+toulmin+1740] Many of his personal letters have survived, and may be seen in Dr. William's Library, 14, Gordon Sq., London WC1H 0AG. In addition, Taunton public library has a copy of his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset", (published in 1791) and many papers related to him [http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm] .Published books
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1777). " [http://www.polybiblio.com/tabooks/RLRB056467.html Memoirs of the Life, Character, Sentiments and Writings of Faustus Socinus.] " Hardcover. Publisher: J. Brown, Portable Printing-Press. ASIN B000FVZYBE.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1800). "The name "Lord of Hosts" explained and improved: In a sermon preached in the chapels of Princes Street, Westminster, on February 16, and Essex Street, Strand, on February 23, 1800." 22 pages. Publisher: Printed by Stower & Hare. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGAFK.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1801). "The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine: Considered in a series of letters to the Rev. Andrew Fuller : occasioned by his publication entitled …of an essay on the grounds of love to Christ." 177 pages. Publisher: Sold by J. Johnson; 2d ed., enl edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087DT8K.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1802). "The prospect of future, universal peace: Considered in a sermon preached in the Baptist Chapel in Taunton, in the county of Somerset : on the 1st of June, …day of national thanksgiving for the peace." 26 pages. Publisher: Printed by C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGADC.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). "A biographical tribute to the memory of the Rev.Joseph Priestley , L.L.D.F.R.S: In an address to the congregation of Protestant Dissenters at the New Meeting… April 22, 1804, on occasion of his death." 40 pages. Publisher: Printed by James Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008ANSUQ
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). "The aim of the apostle Paul's ministry: Considered in a sermon preached at the New Meeting in Birmingham, January 8, 1804, on entering upon the office of one of the pastors in that congregation." 30 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008B9034
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1807). "The meaning which the word mystery bears in the New Testament: Considered and applied, in a sermon, preached to an assembly of ministers, on the Thursday morning's lecture, at Exeter, May 4, 1791." 23 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher & Son; 3rd ed edition. Language: English. ASIN B0008B900M
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1808). "A memoir of Job, an African high priest." 196 pages. Language: English. ASIN B0008B0LY6.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1811). "Four discourses on the nature, design, uses and history of the ordinance of baptism: With a preface containing some strictures on Dr. Priestley's "Letter… Frend's "Letters to the Bishop of Lincoln"." 93 pages. Publisher: C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BAHN6.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1813). "The reciprocal duties of ministers and people, illustrated and enforced: A sermon delivered at Dudley in Worcestershire on Whit-Tuesday, June 8, 1813, …and members of neighbouring congregations." 22 pages. Publisher: Printed and published by Orton and Hawkes Smith, also sold by J. Belcher and Son and Sherwood, Neely and Jones. Language: English. ASIN B0008BBAPK.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). "A free and serious address to the Christian laity, especially such as embracing Unitarian sentiments conform to Trinitarian worship: To which if prefixed… or the Church of England and of dissenters." 111 pages. Publisher: Printed and sold by J. Belcher; 2nd ed edition (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0008C4ALU.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). "An historical view of the state of the Protestant dissenters in England,: And of the progress of free enquiry and religious liberty, from the revolution to the accession of Queen Anne." 592 pages. Publisher: Printed by R. Cruttwell and sold by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Browne, London (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0006AR1G0.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). "Family devotion assisted: Containing forms of morning and evening prayers for a fortnight." 132 pages. Publisher: O. and H. Smith. Language: English. ASIN B0008BACKY.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). "The Unitarian doctrine stated and the objections to it obviated, on the ground of Christ's declaration: A sermon preached before the Devon and Cornwall… of virtue by the distribution of books." 35 pages. Publisher: Printed and sold by O. and H. Smith, and by J. Belcher and Son (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0008B40JI.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1817). "A review of the preaching of the Apostles; or, The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine." 59 pages. Publisher: Printed for the Editor by T. Walker (1817). Language: English. ASIN B00089CUFG.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1818). "Posthumous discourses of the very venerable Joshua Toulmin, D.D." 457 pages. Publisher: W. Hawkes Smith (1818). Language: English. ASIN B0008BADPI.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1822). "The history of Taunton, in the county of Somerset." 608 pages. Publisher: Printed for J. Poole; New ed. greatly enlarged edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087CES6.
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1874). "The history of Taunton in the county of Somersetshire." 408 pages. Publisher: C.G. Webb. Language: English. ASIN B00087GIFG.
* Toulmin, Joshua. "A new edition of Neal's History of the Puritans, with notes and additions".
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Dissertations on the Internal Evidences of Christianity".
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Memories of the Rev. Samuel Bourne" (Toulmin's colleague at Birmingham).
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Review of the Life, Character, and Writings of John Biddle, [M.A.] ".
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Sermons addressed to Youth, with a Translation of Isocrates's Oration to Demonicus."
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Sermons on Devotional Subjects".Published letters
* Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). "Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated October 30, 1778." Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] , Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] , Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] , Pg. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] . />
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Address to Young Men".
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Letters to Dr. John Sturges on the Church Establishment".
* Toulmin, Joshua. "Two Letters on the Address of the Dissenting Ministers on Subscription."External links
*Rose, Hugh J., (1857). [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC24294348&id=o3HauIguws0C&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=joshua+toulmin+1740 "A New General Biographical Dictionary"] , vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.
*Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce, (2006). Toulmin Family Home Page. [http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815.] Obtained Oct. 21, 2006.
* [http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/ Toulmin Family Home Page]Persondata
NAME=Toulmin, Joshua Toulmin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Rev. Joshua Toulmin; Dr. Joshua Toulmin
SHORT DESCRIPTION=EnglishDissenting minister
DATE OF BIRTH=30 April 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH=London ,England
DATE OF DEATH=23 July 1815
PLACE OF DEATH=Birmingham ,England
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.