Alba Bible

The "Alba Bible" is a 1430 translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian, one of the earliest known translations into a Romance languageFact|date=February 2007. The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, rabbi of the Jewish community of Maqueda in the Spanish province of Toledo, at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious Order of Calatrava. [Finn Business Services Pty. Ltd (1997–2006). " [http://www.finns-books.com/alba.htm The Alba Bible: Rabbi Moses Arragel's Testament] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.] [Fathom Knowledge Network (2002). " [http://www.fathom.com/feature/190205/index.html The Sephardim: Jews in Spain from Antiquity to Exile] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.] Noticiasdot.com (2004). " [http://64.233.179.104/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&u=http://www2.noticiasdot.com/stilo/contenido/noticias/2004/0504/3105/noticias_stilo310504/noticias-stilo_310504-4.htm El fabuloso patrimonio de los Alba, Grandes de España pero de con Mayúsculas] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.]

History

During the 15th century, many people within Spanish society held hostile views toward Jews. In the aftermath of a series of anti-Semitic riots centered in Madrid,University of Wisconsin (2001). " [http://www.uwm.edu/Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg003.htm The Bible. The Classic Text: Traditions and Interpretations] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.] Don Luis de Guzmán believed that he could help heal the rift and build a bridge of understanding between Christians and Jews by commissioning a Castilian translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew, accompanied by commentary from Jewish scholars interpreting the text of their holy book. [Old Manuscripts & Incunabula (2006). " [http://www.omifacsimiles.com/cats/facs.html Facsimile Editions London: The Alba Bible] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.]

On April 5, 1422, Don Luis de Guzmán initiated his project by sending a letter to rabbi Moses Arragel inviting him to compose "vna biblia en rromançe, glosada e ystoriada." It is not known what convinced rabbi Arragel to accept as he initially demurred in an extensive reply letter to Guzmán. Nevertheless, eight years later the bible was completed. ["A Blurred Encounter in Moses Arragel's Epistle on the Alba Bible". Wallace S. Lipton MLN, Vol. 84, No. 2, Hispanic Issue (Mar., 1969), p. 298. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-7910(196903)84%3A2%3C298%3AABEIMA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 Digital abstract at JSTOR] . Retrieved October 19, 2006.]

From 1492, the year in which the Alhambra Decree issued mandating the expulsion of all Jews from Spain, until 1622, when it resurfaced in the Palace of Liria owned by the House of Alba, the whereabouts of the Alba Bible were unknown. In 1992, to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the expulsion, the 18th Duchess of Alba had 500 copies published, one of which was given to Juan Carlos I of Spain, the reigning King of Spain.Facsimile Editions Limited (2006). " [http://www.facsimile-editions.com/en/ab/index.html The Alba Bible: HISTORY OF THE MANUSCRIPT] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.]

Today the original Alba Bible is preserved by the House of Alba, and is on exhibition in the Palace of Liria, in Madrid. The original Bible has been valued at 2.5 million euros.noticias.] Exemplars of the 500 copies reproduced in 1992 may sell for upwards of 30,000 United States dollars. [Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates (1996-2006) [http://www.amazon.co.uk/s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Bible.&rh=n%3A1025612%2Ck%3ABible.%2Cp_3%3AOver%20%C2%A31000&page=1 Alba Bible] . Retrieved October 19, 2006.]

Composition

The work comprises 513 pages and a rich collection of 334 miniatures that illustrate passages from the religious text. Although the text of the Alba Bible was the product of Rabbi Arragel, the elaborate artistic detail is wholly the product of Franciscans of Toledo.facsimile.]

The Alba Bible contains a series of comments on the writing of both Jewish and Christian theologians, including Abraham ibn Ezra, Maimonides, Nahmanides, R. Joseph Kimhi, R. Asher ben Jehiel, Shlomo ben Aderet, R. Ya'acob and Nissim of Gerona. [SEFARAD: Asosiasion para la Konservasion i Promosion de la Kultura Djudeo-espanyola, en kolaborasion kon La Autoridad Nasionala del Ladino (2006). " [http://www.aki-yerushalayim.co.il/ay/078/078_03_bibliadelalba.htm AKI YERUSHALAYIM #78 LA BIBLIA DE ALBA] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.] There is also commentary taken from rabbinic literary sources such as the Talmud and the Midrash. [JTS — The Jewish Theological Seminary (2003–2006). " [http://www.jtsa.edu/library/news/btl/btl_11_1.shtml Between the Lines: Vol. 11, No. 1, Facsimile of Famed Alba Bible Acquired] ". Retrieved October 19, 2006.]

Inserted at the beginning of the original work are 25 pages of correspondence between Rabbi Arragel and Don Luís Guzmán as well as between the rabbi and various Franciscans involved in illustrating the translation and discussing matters related to the collaboration.classic.]

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References

Notes

Other references

*Biblia de Alba. From the Spanish-language Wikipedia. Retrieved October 17-19, 2006, and containing the internal references::*(Ladino) [http://www.aki-yerushalayim.co.il/ay/078/078_03_bibliadelalba.htm AKI YERUSHALAYIM] .:*Es icon [http://www.noticiasdot.com/stilo/contenido/noticias/2004/0504/3105/noticias_stilo310504/noticias-stilo_310504-4.htm El fabuloso patrimonio de los Alba , Grandes de España pero de con Mayúsculas] .

ee also

* Bible
* Old Testament
* Hebrew Bible
* Tanakh