Bordetella bronchiseptica

Taxobox
color = lightgrey
name = "Bordetella bronchiseptica"

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image_width = 240px
image_caption = Scanning electron micrograph of "B. bronchiseptica"
regnum = Bacteria
phylum = Proteobacteria
classis = Beta Proteobacteria
ordo = Burkholderiales
familia = Alcaligenaceae
genus = "Bordetella"
species = "B. bronchiseptica"
binomial = "Bordetella bronchiseptica"
binomial_authority = (Ferry 1912)
Moreno-López 1952

"Bordetella bronchiseptica" is a bacterium of the genus "Bordetella" and a causative agent of infectious bronchitis.cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0-8385-8529-9 ] Closely related to "B. pertussis"cite book | author = Finger H, von Koenig CHW | title = "Bordetella". "In:" Barron's Medical Microbiology "(Barron S "et al", eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1706 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 ] —the obligate human pathogen which causes pertussis or "whooping cough"—"B. bronchiseptica" can persist in the environment for extended periods. [cite journal | author=Coote JG | title=Environmental sensing mechanisms in Bordetella | journal=Adv Microb Physiol | year=2001 | pages=141–81 | volume=44 | pmid=11407112 | doi=10.1016/S0065-2911(01)44013-6]

Pathogenesis

Unlike "B. pertussis" or "B. parapertussis", humans are not natural carriers of "B. bronchiseptica", which typically infects the respiratory tracts of smaller mammals (cats, dogs, rabbits, etc).

While "B. bronchiseptica" does not express pertussis toxin which is one of the characteristic virulence factors of "B. pertussis", it does contain the genes to do so, highlighting the close evolutionary relationship between the two species. [cite journal | author=Mattoo S, Foreman-Wykert AK, Cotter PA, Miller JF | title=Mechanisms of "Bordetella" pathogenesis | journal=Front Biosci | year=2001 | pages=E168–86 | volume=6 | pmid=11689354 | doi=10.2741/Mattoo] ^, [cite journal | author=Diavatopoulos DA, Cummings CA, Schouls LM, Brinig MM, Relman DA, Mooi FR | title="Bordetella pertussis", the Causative Agent of Whooping Cough, Evolved from a Distinct, Human-Associated Lineage of "B. bronchiseptica" | journal=PLoS Pathog | year=2005 | pages=e45 | volume=1 | issue=4 | pmid=16389302 | doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.0010045]

Veterinary pathogenesis

In veterinary medicine, "B. bronchiseptica" leads to a range of pathologies in different hosts. "B. bronchiseptica" and "Pasteurella multocida" act synergistically to cause atrophic rhinitis in pigs, a disease resulting in arrested growth and distortion of the turbinates in the nasal terminus (or snout) [cite web | last = Lawhorn | first = Bruce | title = Atrophic Rhinitis | publisher = Texas Agricultural Extension Service | url = http://animalscience.tamu.edu/main/academics/swine/L2193_atrophicrhinitis.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-11-23 ] . "B. bronchiseptica" is also a causative agent of acute tracheobronchitis in dogs [Wagener, J. S., R. Sobonya, L. Minnich and L. M. Taussig (1984). Role of canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in kennel cough. "Am J Vet Res" 45(9): 1862-6.] (see Kennel cough) and in rabbits "B. bronchiseptica" is often found in the nasal tract. It is often mistakenly assumed to be a causative agent for a nearly asymptomatic infection known as snuffles, but the causative agent for that disease is "Pseudomonas multocida", and "B. bronchiseptica" is often co-infecting the nasal passage at the same time. [Burns, E. H., Jr., J. M. Norman, M. D. Hatcher and D. A. Bemis (1993). Fimbriae and determination of host species specificity of Bordetella bronchiseptica. "J Clin Microbiol" 31(7): 1838-44] .

References