USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3)

USS|Belleau Wood|LHA-3, nicknamed "Devil Dog", was the second ship named after the battle of Belleau Wood in World War I. The latter of the two ships serves as the backdrop for a military tribunal in James W. Huston's novel Secret Justice.

Her keel was laid down on 5 March 1973 at Pascagoula, Mississippi, by Ingalls Shipbuilding. She was launched on 11 April 1977, and commissioned on 23 September 1978, Captain T.C. Steele in command.

"Belleau Wood" was the third of five ships in a new class ("Tarawa"-class of general-purpose amphibious assault ships and combined into one ship type the functions previously performed by four different types: the amphibious assault ship (LPH), the amphibious transport dock (LPD), the amphibious cargo ship (LKA), and the dock landing ship (LSD). She was capable of landing elements of a United States Marine Corps battalion landing team and their supporting equipment by landing craft, by helicopters, or by a combination of both.

hip history

Homeported in NS San Diego, California in October 1978, "Belleau Wood" participated in her first full-scale operation in 1979 off the coast of Hawaii. In early 1979 she reported to Long Beach Naval Shipyard in Long Beach, Californiafor a one-year engine overhaul.

"Belleau Wood" began her first major deployment in January 1981. The ship rescued 150 Vietnamese refugees, earning the crew the Humanitarian Service Medal. The deployment included three major exercises and eight port visits. "Belleau Wood" returned to San Diego in August 1981.

In August 1982, the ship began her second deployment, and participated in four major amphibious exercises including Jade Tiger 83. Her third successful deployment ran from January to July 1984. The ship then completed an 11-month complex overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington.

In January 1987, "Belleau Wood" got underway for her fourth deployment. The crew participated in four major exercises, including the first winter amphibious exercises conducted in the Aleutian Islands since World War II, and introduced the ship to the AV-8B Harrier "jump jet". The ship also received the Admiral Flatley Memorial Award for Aviation Safety in 1987.

In January 1989, "Belleau Wood" departed for the Western Pacific. Over the next five months, the ship participated in Exercise Team Spirit 89 in Korea and Exercise Valiant Usher in the Philippines and Korea.

On 4 October 1989, the ship hosted the Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union during his historic visit to the United States.

"Belleau Wood" entered her second complex overhaul at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in 1990. Major work included an upgrade to CIWS and installation of the Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) System.

On 31 August 1992, "Belleau Wood" sailed out of San Diego for the last time, bound for her new homeport in Sasebo, Japan. During this transit, the ship provided disaster relief to the people of Kauai, Hawaii after Hurricane Iniki ravaged the island. For this, the crew was awarded its second Humanitarian Service Medal. Upon arrival in Japan, "Belleau Wood" joined Amphibious Group 1 and Amphibious Squadron 11, and became the world's only forward deployed large deck amphibious ship.

On 27 October 1992, Petty Officer Third Class Allen R. Schindler, Jr, who was rumored among the crew to be homosexual, was brutally murdered in a park in Sasebo by two shipmates, a case that emerged into the public eye months later as newly-elected President Bill Clinton unveiled his "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy.

On 24 November 1992, "Belleau Wood" became the last ship to sail out of the Philippines while conducting the final withdrawal of U.S. forces from Subic Bay Naval Base and Naval Air Station Cubi Point.

Following her move to Japan, "Belleau Wood" became a familiar sight at joint military exercises such as Valiant Usher in Australia, Team Spirit in Korea, Cobra Gold in Thailand and Tandem Thrust near Guam (originally in Australia). "Belleau Wood" also became the first large-deck Navy ship to undergo pierside maintenance by COMLOGWESTPAC, Singapore. "Belleau Wood" participated in the World War II 50th anniversary commemoration ceremonies in Guam and the Philippines and served off the coast of Somalia in 1995 as the command platform for Operation United Shield.

In July 2000, "Belleau Wood" took part in the largest crew swap to date when she was relieved as forward deployed amphibious assault ship. The procedure started when USS|Essex|LHD-2 arrived in Sasebo on 13 July 2000. The swap was part of a planned rotation of forward deployed naval forces in Japan, and was the third crew-swap exchange. The ships’ crews simply switched ships, minimizing the impact of moving families from homeport to homeport. Sailors in Sasebo assigned to "Belleau Wood", moved on to "Essex", while sailors from San Diego assigned to "Essex" moved aboard "Belleau Wood". "Belleau Wood" and the San Diego-based crew then returned to San Diego in mid-August to begin overhaul and maintenance cycles.

During 2002, "Belleau Wood" was the backdrop for the making of the movie Antwone Fisher staring Derek Luke, Joy Bryant, and Denzel Washington.

In November 2003, "Belleau Wood" was the site of another first when Brigadier General Joseph V. Medina took command of Expeditionary Strike Group "Three", of which "Belleau Wood" was the flagship. This event marked the first time in history that a United States Marine Corps officer took command of a naval flotilla.

The ship was decommissioned on 28 October 2005. she was sunk as part of RIMPAC '06 exercises on 13 July 2006.

ignificance of the name

The ship was named in memory of the World War I Battle of Belleau Wood. United States Marines of the Fourth Brigade, American Expeditionary Forces, stopped the last major German offensive of the war. The Marines reportedly fought so ferociously that the Germans respectfully referred to them as "Teufelhunden"—Devil Dogs—and it was this moniker that became the ship's mascot, and one of the nicknames for US Marines (Devil Dog).

Coat of arms

to this day.

Twelve gold battle stars in a field of blue line the top of the coat of arms. They stand for the World War II record of the first USS|Belleau Wood|CVL-24. The gap between the sixth and seventh stars represents the ship's only break in her war record. On 30 October 1944, while off Leyte Gulf, "Belleau Wood" was struck by a kamikaze. The light aircraft carrier had to undergo repairs and an overhaul, hence the gap.

Blue and gold, prevailing hues of the coat of arms, are the traditional colors of the United States Navy. The tricolor (red over white over blue) is a reminder that the Battle of Belleau Wood occurred in France, and that Marines who gave their lives at Belleau Wood did so in the defense of another nation's freedom. The segments also bring to mind the colors of the United States.

References

* Much of the information for this article came from the USS "Belleau Wood" Public Affairs Office.

External links

* [http://www.greenmarines.com/PhotoGalleries/tabid/61/Default.aspx United Shield Pictures Aboard USS "Belleau Wood" at greenmarines.com]
* [http://history.navy.mil/danfs/b4/belleau_wood.htm USS "Belleau Wood" at history.navy.mil]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/10/0703.htm USS "Belleau Wood" at Navsource.org]
* [http://navysite.de/ships/lha3.htm USS "Belleau Wood" at Navysite.de]
* [http://www.ussbelleauwood.com/ USS "Belleau Wood" Veterans' Association homepage]
* [http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060220/NEWS08/602200323/1001/NEWS/ Honolulu Advertiser article about ship in mothballs]
* [http://www.strategypage.com/gallery/articles/military_photos_200672004030.asp Pictures of the sinking of USS "Belleau Wood" at StrategyPage.com]
* [http://www.hullnumber.com/LHA-3 LHA-3 Personnel Roster at HullNumber.com]
* [http://www.uscarriers.net/lha3history.htm USS Belleau Wood history at U.S. Carriers]