Mafia-Camorra War

The Mafia-Camorra War was a gang war in New York City during the World War I era. One side was the Sicilian Morello crime family, the other side was Camorra, the Neapolitan Navy Street gang, and the Coney Island gang. The gang war lasted from 1914 through 1917 and the trials of 1918.

Protagonists

The Morello gang, run by Nicholas Morello, controlled Harlem and most of northern Manhattan. Morello and his allies were part of the traditional Sicilian Mafia.

The Camorra organization, run by Andrea Ricci, was a powerful underworld force in Brooklyn. Unlike the Mafia, the Camorra drew its recruits from immigrants from the Naples region of Italy. The Camorra organization's close allies included the Navy Street and Coney Island gangs of Brooklyn, both of which were Neopolitan in origin. Leopoldo Lauritano and Allesandro Vollero headed the Navy Street Gang, and Pelligrino Morano was boss of the Coney Island Gang.

Before this conflict start, relations between the two sides were relatively amicable; in fact, each year the Morellos would attend a 'smoker' held by Camorra boss Ricci in Brooklyn. However, things were soon to change.

Morello power play

As with many gang conflicts, the Mafia-Camorra war started due to greed; the Morello ambition to control gambling in Manhattan. The Morello's first target was the Del Gaudio brothers, who controlled gambling operations in East Harlem. The Morellos killed Nicolo Del Gaudio and cowed his brother Gaetano.

Their next target, Joseph DeMarco, would be much harder to subdue. DeMarco ran a restaurant and several gambling establishments on Mulberry Street in Lower Manhattan. Having faced the Morellos before, DeMarco had survived two assassination attempts and had unsuccessfully tried to murder Nicholas Morello on one occasion. The Morello family decided to seek help from the Navy Street and Coney Island gangs to subdue DeMarco.

The Morello plot

On June 24th 1916, the Morellos met with the Navy Street and Coney Island gangs in Coney Island. The reason for the meeting was to parcel out control of all illegal activities in New York, including gambling, drugs, and extortion. At the meeting, Nick Morello and his associate, Steve LaSalle, proposed killing DeMarco . The two Brooklyn gangs agreed and Lauritano, the Navy Street boss, set up a meeting at his Brooklyn cafe to plan the hit.

Three weeks later, Nick Morello and his associates Steve LaSalle, Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova, and Giuseppe Verizzano met the Brooklyn gang members at Lauritano's cafe. The main problem in staging an attack on DeMarco was that he knew all Morellos and wouldn't let them get near him. However, Verizzano was a close friend of DeMarco's; he was therefore assigned to set up the trap. The plan was for Verizzano to smuggle a Navy Street hitman into DeMarco's gambling den and point out DeMarco to the assassin, who would then kill him.

The DeMarco hit

The first attempt at killing DeMarco failed when Navy Street hitman John Fetto arrived late at the gambling den; by that point, DeMarco had alreadly left. Complicating the planning for a second attempt, the conspirators found out that a friend of DeMarco, Joe "Chuck" Nazzaro would accompany DeMarco that afternoon. To increase their chances of success, John Esposito was added to the hit team. That afternoon, Esposito and Fetto, made their way to a saloon on Elizabeth St to await a signal from Verizzano. At around five o'clock, Verizzano arrived at the saloon and notified the gunmen that Demarco had arrived at the gambling den. Verizzano and the two hitmen left the saloon and made their way to the entrance of the gambling den.

Verizzano, Esposito, and Fetto arrived at the entrance to DeMarco's gambling hall. Nick Sassi, a DeMarco employee who was a Navy Street sympathizer, got the three men past the doorman and inside the hall. The men walked to the back bedroom where the card games were going on. Inside the back room, DeMarco, Charles Lombardi, other gangsters, and numerous spectators were watching the card game. To identify the target for Esposito and Fetto, Verizzano sat down opposite DeMarco. Outside the room, Sassi and Rocco Valente from Navy St were standing watch to make sure everyone had a clear escape route.

Suddenly, Esposito pulled out his gun and fatally shot Lombardi; the nervous gunman had misread the signals from Verizzano and thought he was shooting DeMarco. Working quickly, Verizzano managed to kill DeMarco himself. The Navy Street gunmen then crawled out the bedroom window onto Oliver Street and safely made their escape. That evening Nick and Vincent Morello, LaSalle, Terranova and Verizzano all traveled to the Navy Street Gang headquarters. They advised Lauritano that Joe DeMarco was indeed dead; they gave Lauritano $50 to pass on to his gunmen.

The Camorra plot

With the death of Joe DeMarco, the Morello organization was able to open up Lower Manhattan to their gambling operations. However, to the Morello's chagrin, the Camorra organization also grabbed the opportunity and opened a couple of their own gambling houses in Lower Manhattan. Since the Morello goal had been a monopoly on gambling in the area, the stage was set for conflict.

On the other side of the East River, the Neopolitan gangs were also getting ambitious. Allessandro Vollero, a top Navy Street leader, had never been happy with cooperating with the Morellos on the DeMarco hit. He now decided to break their alliance. A meeting was held in Philadelphia between Navy Gang representatives and the Camorra leadership about hitting the Morellos and taking complete control of Manhattan. After discussing it with Camorra boss Ricci the two groups agreed to an alliance.

The Navy Gang and the Camorra developed a plan to lure the leaders of the Morello gang to another meeting in Brooklyn, only to ambush and murder them.

The Morello hit

On September 7, 1916 Nick Morello and associate Charles Ubriaco traveled downtown to meet with the Navy Street Gang. Once they arrived, they were served drinks. After a while, Morello and Ubriaco were told that the Navy Street people were waiting for them instead at a coffee house. On their way to the coffee house, they were ambushed. Nick Morello was shot by Tom Pagano and Charlie Ubriaco was shot by Thomas Carillo and Lefty Esposito. Morello and Carillo died at the scene.

When the police arrived, they searched Morello's body; they found a bank book for NY Produce Exchange Bank, Harlem with a balance of $1,865. The police later asked Ciro Terranova to come in and identify his brother’s body. The police arrested Vollero and put him in a lineup, but released him 19 days later for lack of evidence.

Destruction of the Camorra

Giuseppe Verrazano, who was with the Morellos wanted to open up another gambling house, this was not liked by the Navy St. so a plot to kill him was began. Verrazano spotted a Navy St. member and tried to kill him, perhaps to get the hit off of him, but he was spotted and was forced to flee.Many assassinations and attempts would happen after this making neither side a safe place to be. Since the Camorra couldn't kill the new leaders they would have to do it indirectly. The Camorra would try to take over the artichoke business (that's the business that Ciro controlled). Their threats didn't work not only against artichokes, but coal and ice too, just to name a couple.

Many members would be killed in this war like Salvatore DeMarco, George Esposito, Gaetano Del Gaudio, Anthony 'The Shoemaker' Paretti, Joseph 'Chuck' Nazzaro. They were caught up in the war, proving no matter what side you were on, you could die at any second. One man would play the biggest part in the victory of the mafia. That man would be Ralph 'The Barber' Daniello who would testify against Navy St. after his requests to help him and his family when he went to jail. He told everything he knew from murders to the rackets. Convictions and indictments were pouring in from Navy St. from past crimes like the murder of DeMarco. The top was showing only the mafia now.

Trials

The war was over and that meant changes were going to take place. The biggest change, not having the camorra around.

Rocco Valenti was arrested in January for relations in the DeMarco / Lombardi killing. He was jailed for ten months, before being discharged in November 1918. He appeared later in court to testify against Charles Giordano in March 1919.Allesandro Vollero, was tried for first degree murder in the case of Nicholas Morello and Charles Ubriaco. Ralph Daniello testified against Vollero, and stated the gang paid money to a Detective named Michael Mealli. Mealli was reduced in rank getting assigned to patrol duty.

Following this, Judge Kapper was taken ill on February 18th, causing a mistrial to be declared. Vollero was retried on March 4th and was sentenced to life at Sing Sing. Pelligrino Morano, leader of the Coney Island faction, was convicted of murder in the second degree. He was sentenced 20 to life at Sing Sing. Alphonso Sgroia, a Navy Street gang member, was sentenced on June 17th 1918, he received twelve years in Dannemora for the Nick Morello case. Sgroia would testify against his fellow assailants, he would receive a shorter prison sentence and deportation to Italy.Justice for Morello's and Ubriaco's death didn’t stop there.

John Esposito and Antonio Notaro were sentenced in June 1918, from 6 to 10 years each for their participation in the murder. Ciro Terranova was tried for Complicity in June 1918, in connection with the DeMarco/Lombardi killing. Johnny Esposito, the killer of Lombardi tried to testify against Terranova, but once it was proved that they were in the same gang, Ciro was acquitted due to lack of corroboration. Ralph Daniello's sentence was suspended due to the testimony he had given. An assault which cost him 5 years in Coney Island cut short his freedom. After his release in 1925 he was found shot near Metuchen, New Jersey.

Frank Fevrola was found guilty by Judge Tompkins for the murder of "Chuck" Nazzaro in 1917. Fevrola was sentenced to the death house at Sing Sing, the testimony was given by someone who may have been closer to him than anyone, his wife. However on April 14th, 1922, a notice was served on DA Weeks, that a motion would be made to grant a retrial on the case of Fevrola. All previous statements were withdrawn by his wife, her explanation was that the police had threatened and bribed her to testify. The retrial was opposed by mocking the affidavit of Tessie Fevrola. Tompkins denied any form of retrial for Fevrola. A last minute attempt to save Fevrola was made by lawyer Thomas O'Neil on May 29, 1923. With seven hours till execution Tompkins was granted a retrial, sparing him until October 7th. His death sentence was commuted eventually, meaning his sentence became less severe.

Aniellio Paretti was lucky because all charges, which was the death of Nazzaro, against him were dropped. He was released from Sing Sing in 1923, after he was retrialed. Nick Morello's death still wasn't done being avenged by the law. Anthony Paretti was sentenced to Sing Sing death house for his part in the slaying. Paretti originally fled to Italy to escape capture. He returned to New York in March, 1926, thinking that most of the witnesses against him would be gone. Anthony wouldn't be as lucky as his brother, Aniellio, he was convicted for first degree murder. Leading up to the execution security was enhanced from 16 hours a day to 24 hours a day. He was pressuring politicians to throw out the death penalty but, wasn't granted. He was electracuted on February 17, 1927 at the age of 35. One of his last visitors was future mafia boss, Vito Genovese.

Members of each faction

Mafia- Nicholas Morello, Ciro Terranova, Ignazio Saietta, Vincent Terranova, Charles Ubriaco, Thomas Lomonte, Fortunato Lomonte.

Camorra- Leopoldo Lauritano, Allesandro Vollero, Pelligrino Morano, Alphonso Sgroia, Frank Fevrola, Antonio Paretti, Aniellio Paretti, Raffaele Daniello, Johnny Esposito.

Other- Giuseppe DeMarco, Generosi Nazzaro.

External links

* [http://www.gangrule.com/events.php?ID=5 GangRule]