Halltorp

Halltorps is one of the earliest manor houses on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD. In early documents it is known as Hauldtorp, and it is cited as one of the early Viking settlements of Öland. In earlier times it has functioned as a royal farm associated with the Swedish Crown and was considered one of the finest hunting preserves on the island. There is a relict oak forest on the present grounds which contains numerous trees that are centuries old. Halltorps is in an area rich in history and biodiversity, and most of the island of Öland has been designated as a World Heritage Site. The site is adjacent to the perimeter highway, Route 136.

Early history

Only Borgholm and Ottenby are documented in early writings to have been Viking settlements along with Halltorps, although archaeological records show evidence of Vikings at a number of other locations on Öland: namely, Gettlinge, Alby and Hulterstad. A manor house is thought to have existed here since at least the Late Middle Ages. In the 1600s Halltorps was integrated to the royal Borgholm estate, where Borgholm Castle is situated about seven kilometers to the north. The extensive forest area west of Halltorps manor house ran all the way to Kalmar Strait. The kings of the House of Vasa used this woodland area as one of their prime hunting preserves. Also on site is a great European hornbeam forest, one of the largest within Sweden, that is documented to derive from at least as early as the 17th century.

King Frederick I of Sweden bestowed Halltorps royal farm upon Sven Aderman in the year 1723 to acknowledge his invention of a rapid firing musket during the wars of King Karl XII. By 1760 captain Edvard Lukhehorn was reflected as the owner of Halltorps estate. It has been deduced that a grand manor house of native limestone was created in the late 1700s, which is the core of the present structure. As late as the year 1804 the estate was held by descendents of Lukhehorn.

19th century to present

By 1820 Halltorps estate was partitioned, with the new owners being Baron M. Falkenberg and Colonel A. Von Franchen, the latter who also served as the royal Chamberlain. In this era Halltorps still consisted of its present day lands as well as the coastal Ekerum estate, a 180 hectare holding having several croft buildings. Then in the year 1859 a parliament member, Erik Johan Rudberg, bought the Halltorps holding, who held it until selling to Johan Persson in 1895.

At the end of World War I Halltorps was sold to three municipalities: Glomminge, Hogsrum and Rapplinge, who converted the manor house to a retirement home, which use existed till 1973. Two years later the manor became an inn, which use endures as of 2006.

Architecture

Limestone was quarried from the local Stora Allvaret to produce the core of the present manor in the late 1700s, although it is known an earlier manor house stood here for centuries. The limestone blocks obtained from the local alvar are exceptionally flat with little fashioning just as they come from the quarry and are very easy to stack for use in building construction. [C. M. Hogan, "The Stora Alvaret of Oland", Lumina Technologies, Aberdeen Library Archives, July 9, 2006] The manor house was designed with an entrance facing east, such that upon entering the vestibule, a great hall lay immediately ahead (where the present day dining room is situated). Further west of the hall were the south facing kitchen (still the current day kitchen) and two other rooms facing north (which have now been adapted to reception areas of the present day inn). The original first floor (second floor in American parlance) had a large loft, which area is now converted to guest rooms. ["Halltorps Gastgiveri Description", Halltorps Gasgiveri, Borgholm (2004)] In 1991 a twenty five guest room addition was created in the form of a new wing sweeping to the west joining in L-Plan design to the older manor core. There were also added two spas, a wine cellar, a winter garden and some conference rooms.

Natural features

The nature reserve at Halltorps lies to the west of the manor house extending to the Kalmar Strait. In addition to the ancient oak forest, this area is known for several wild orchids including: Common spotted orchid, "Dactylorhiza fuchsii"; "Listera ovata"; and Bird’s-nest orchid, "Neottia nidus-avis". Many other rare and endangered species can be found to the east on the Stora Allvaret, although in this northern part of Öland the alvar habitat is more fragmented than in the south of the island where large expanses of limestone pavement ecosystem exist. [Hakan Sandbring and Martin Borg, "Oland: Island of Stone and Green", May, 1997] Note the dwarfed trees on the alvar plain (photo right), which are stunted because their roots must fight for moisture with the thin soil blanket over the essentially limestone rock soil.

References

ee also

* Öland Bridge
* Kalmar Strait
* Stora Alvaret

External links

* [http://www.h.lst.se/h/amnen/Natur/skyddad_natur/naturresevat/borgholm/halltorpshage.htm Halltorps Nature Reserve (in Swedish)]