Bram Fischer

Bram Fischer

Abram Louis Fischer, commonly known as Bram Fischer, (23 April 1908-8 May 1975) was a South African lawyer of Afrikaner descent, notable for anti-apartheid activism and for the legal defense of anti-apartheid figures, including Nelson Mandela at the Rivonia Trial.

Early years

Fischer came from a prominent Afrikaner family; his father was Percy Fischer, a Judge President of the Orange Free State, and his grandfather was Abraham Fischer, a prime minister of the Orange River Colony and later a member of the cabinet of the unified South Africa.

Prior to studying at Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar during the 1930s, he was schooled at Grey College and Grey University College in Bloemfontein. During his stay at Oxford, he travelled on the European continent, including a trip in 1932 to the Soviet Union. In a letter to his parents during his trip, he noted similarities between the position of Russian farmers that he encountered along the Volga river and South African blacks.

In 1937, Fischer married Molly Krige, a niece of Jan Smuts; the couple had three children. Molly herself became involved in politics and was detained without trial in the state of emergency declared after the Sharpeville massacre. She died in 1963 when the couple's car left the road and crashed into a river.

Professional and Political years

Fischer joined the South African Communist Party ("SACP") in the 1940s and soon rose to leadership positions within the party. The SACP had a close relationship with the African National Congress ("ANC") and in 1943, Fischer co-authored revisions to the constitution of the ANC. In 1946 he was charged with incitement arising out of his position as a leader of the SACP and the African mineworkers' strike of that year.

Fischer played an integral role on the defense team in the Treason Trial of 1956-1961 and led Nelson Mandela's legal defense team at the Rivonia Trial of 1963-1964. The life imprisonment sentence handed down to Mandela, instead of the death penalty the state had been asking for, was considered a victory for the defence.

Fischer was arrested in September 1964 and charged with the crime of membership of the SACP. He was released on bail to handle a case in London. He had promised to return to face trial and did so despite pressure put in him to forego his bail and go into exile. He returned to South Africa and attended his trial in which he was the first accused. One day, after proceedings began, he did not arrive at Court and instead sent a letter to his counsel, Harold Hanson which was read out in court. He wrote: :"By the time this reaches you I shall be a long way from Johannesburg and shall absent myself from the remainder of the trial. But I shall still be in the country to which I said I would return when I was granted bail. I wish you to inform the Court that my absence, though deliberate, is not intended in any way to be disrespectful. Nor is it prompted by any fear of the punishment which might be inflicted on me. Indeed I realise fully that my eventual punishment may be increased by my present conduct...":"My decision was made only because I believe that it is the duty of every true opponent of this Government to remain in this country and to oppose its monstrous policy of apartheid with every means in his power. That is what I shall do for as long as I can..."

He went underground and was struck off the advocate's roll in 1965 in a trial completed in his absence. Advocates Harold Hanson, Sydney Kentridge and Arthur Chaskalson defended him at the hearing.

Imprisonment and death

Fischer carried on underground activities for almost a year. He was arrested in 1966 (nine months after his return to South Africa) on counts of violating the Suppression of Communism Act and conspiracy to commit sabotage. He was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1967.

During his incarceration, he contracted cancer. A fall induced by the effects of the cancer in September 1974 left Fischer with a fractured neck femur, partially paralysed and unable to talk. It was not until December of that year, that the authorities had him transferred to a hospital. When news of his illness was publicised, the public lobbied government for his release. Fischer was placed under house arrest at his brother's home in Bloemfontein in April 1975. He died a few weeks later. The prisons department had Fischer's ashes returned to them after the funeral and they have never been located.

"Burger's Daughter", a novel by Pulitzer prize and Nobel prize winner and fellow South African, Nadine Gordimer, is based on the life of Bram Fischer's daughter; he is the "Burger" of the title. Fischer is also the subject of Stephen Clingman's "Bram Fischer: Afrikaner Revolutionary", which won the Alan Paton Award in 1999. South African director Sharon Farr's documentary, "Love, Communism, Revolution & Rivonia - Bram Fischer’s Story", won the Encounters Film Festival Audience Award for Best South African Documentary in August 2007.

External links

* [http://www.sacp.org.za/main.php?include=docs/biography/2006/fbram.html SACP bio of Bram Fischer, with picture]
* [http://www.sacp.org.za/docs/history/bramlett.html Bram Fischer's "A Message from Underground"]
* [http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mandela/1995/sp0609.html First Bram Fischer Memorial Lecture, by Nelson Mandela on June 9, 1995]
* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/mandela/story/0,8224,436395,00.html "The Rivonia Trial" - article by Sunder Katwala from The Observer, dated Sunday, February 11, 2001]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Bram Fischer — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Fischer. Abram Louis Fischer, connu sous le nom de Bram Fischer, (1908 1975) était un avocat afrikaner communiste d Afrique du Sud, un activiste anti apartheid et défenseur de Nelson Mandela au procès de Rivonia …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bram Fischer — Abram Louis Fischer (* 23. April 1908 in Bloemfontein; † 8. Mai 1975 ebenda), bekannt als Bram Fischer, war ein weißer südafrikanischer Rechtsanwalt und Bürgerrechtler. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 1.1 Politische Aktivität 1.2 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Bram (Begriffsklärung) — Bram steht für: Teil eines Schiffsmastes; siehe Bram eine französische Gemeinde im Département Aude; siehe Bram (Aude) Bram als Kurzform des Vornamens Abraham steht für Bram Appel, niederländischer Fußballer Bram Cohen, US Softwareentwickler Bram …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Fischer (Familienname) — Fischer ist ein deutscher Familienname. Herkunft und Bedeutung Der Name ist abgeleitet von der Berufsbezeichnung des Fischers. Der Name Fischer ist der vierthäufigste deutsche Familienname. (Siehe: Liste der häufigsten Familiennamen in… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Bram (name) — Infobox Given Name Revised name = Bram imagesize= caption= pronunciation= gender = Male meaning = region = origin = related names = Abraham footnotes = Bram is a variation on the name Abraham, common in Dutch speaking regions (Belgium and the… …   Wikipedia

  • Fischer — Not to be confused with Fisher PeopleFischer is a surname may refer to:A E * Abraham Fischer (1850–1913) South African public official * Ádám Fischer * Alfred Fischer (judge) (1919–2004), German judge * Alfred Fischer (architect) (1881–1950),… …   Wikipedia

  • Fischer — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : « Fischer », sur le Wiktionnaire (dictionnaire universel) Fischer est le mot allemand équivalent au… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bram De Groot — Bram De Groot …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bram de groot — Bram De Groot …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bram de Groot — Bram de Groot …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”