Brittle naiad

Taxobox
color = lightgreen
name = Brittle Naiad

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image_caption = Brittle naiad; note highly divided terminal heads
status =

secure
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Liliopsida
ordo = Alismatales
familia = Hydrocharitaceae
genus = "Najas"
species = "N. minor"
binomial = "Najas minor"

Brittle Naiad ("Najas minor"), also known as Brittle Waternymph, is an annual aquatic submersed herb native to Europe but known to be an invasive species in North America. This plant prefers calm waters, such as ponds, reservoirs, and lakes, and is capable of growing in depths up to 4 meters.

Identification

Brittle Naiad grows in dense clusters and has highly branched stems. These stems fragment easily and this plant is capable of propagation from stem fragments or from small seeds which grow along its stem. The small flowers are located in clusters along the leaf axils. The leaves of the plant are opposite, unbranched, strap-shaped, and are around 4.5 centimeters in length. The leaves have serrations which are visible to the naked eye. This plant is similar in morphology to Coontail or Slender Naiad.

Invasive Spread And Control

Brittle Naiad was introduced to the United States, where it is considered an invasive species or noxious weed, in the 1900’s. Brittle Naiad in the United States is established in the Mid-Atlantic States. Established populations are found as far west as Oklahoma and Ontario, Canada in the north. The presence of this plant is a problem because its dense growth covers wide areas, inhibiting the growth of native species of aquatic macrophytes. The thick, clustering growths of brittle naiad can make fishing access or the operation of a boat difficult in a pond or lake. Brittle Naiad may spread to new areas by stem fragments carried on a boat’s hull, deck, propeller, or trailer. Control measures for brittle naiad include the use of aquatic herbicides, but application of chemicals may not destroy the seeds. Grass carp are another widely used control measure and have been known to readily consume brittle naiad plants. Mechanical harvesting of Brittle Naiad is difficult, as the brittle stems readily break and are easily disbursed throughout the system. As with most invasive species, prevention of an infestation is easier than eradication.

ee also

*Najas

References and external links

* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=NAMI Brittle Waternymph Plants profile, USDA]
* [http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/dnap/invasive/18pondweed.htm Ohio Department of Natural Resources factsheet for lesser naiad]
* [http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/CH-TAX.jsp?Species_name=Najas%20minor NEMESIS Chesapeake Bay Introduced Species Database]