Gavin Maxwell

Gavin Maxwell FRSL, FIAL, FZS (Sc.), FRGS, FAGS"The Rocks Remain"] (15 July 1914 – 7 September 1969) was a Scottish naturalist and author, best known for his work with otters. He wrote the book "Ring of Bright Water" (1960) about how he brought an otter back from Iraq and raised it in Scotland. "Ring of Bright Water" sold more than a million copies and was made into a movie starring Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna in 1969. The title 'Ring of Bright Water' was taken from a poem by Kathleen Raine (1908–2003) who said in her autobiography that Maxwell had been the love of her life.

Biography

Maxwell was the youngest son of Lieutenant-Colonel Aymer Maxwell and Lady Mary Percy, fifth daughter of the seventh Duke of Northumberland. His grandfather, Sir Herbert Maxwell, was an archaeologist, politician and natural historian.

He was raised in the tiny village of Elrig, near Port William, in Wigtownshire, near the south west corner of Scotland, and Maxwell's relatives still reside in the Port William area; the family's ancient estate and grounds are in nearby Monreith. Maxwell is an extremely common name in the area.

His education took place at a succession of preparatory schools, including St Cyprian's where he found encouragement for his interest in natural history, Stowe and Hertford College, Oxford

In World War II Maxwell served as an instructor with the Special Operations Executive. After the war, he purchased the Isle of Soay off Skye. He tried to establish a basking shark fishery there between 1945-48. He was unsuccessful, due to bad planning and lack of finance, according to his book "Harpoon at a Venture" (1952, since republished under various titles).

In 1956 Maxwell toured the reed marshes of Southern Iraq with explorer Wilfred Thesiger. Maxwell's account of their trip appears in "A Reed Shaken By The Wind", later published under the title "People of the Reeds". It was hailed by the "New York Times" as "near perfect".

Maxwell next moved to Sandaig, [Sandaig is at coord|57|10|06|N|5|41|06|W, to the southwest of Glenelg] a small community opposite Eilean Iarmain (which he called "Camusfeàrna" in his books), on a remote part of the Scottish mainland. There his "otter books" are set. After "Ring of Bright Water" (1960), he wrote "The Rocks Remain" (1963), in which the otters Edal, Teko, Mossy, and Monday show great differences in personality. "The Rocks Remain" is a dark sequel to "Ring of Bright Water", as it demonstrates how dangerous it is for humans when their otter companions grow jealous, and how dangerous it is for otters when they lose their fear of humans.

In 1966 he traveled to Morocco with a companion, tracing the dramatic lives of the last rulers of Morocco under the French, published as "Lords of the Atlas":The Rise and Fall of the House of Glaoua 1893-1956" . During the Years of Lead, the Moroccan regime considered his book subversive and it could not be imported legally.

In "The House of Elrig" (1965), Maxwell describes his family history and his passion for the calf-country, Galloway, where he was born. It was during this period that he met Peter Scott, the ornithologist, and the young Terry Nutkins who went on to become a children's television presenter. Privately homosexual, [cite book | last = Frere | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Frere | title = Maxwell's Ghost | publisher = Victor Gollancz | date = 1976 | pages = 65-66 | isbn = 057502044X ] Maxwell married Lavinia Renton (née Lascelles) on 1 February 1962; however, the marriage lasted little more than a year and they were divorced in 1964. [cite web | url = http://www.thepeerage.com/p1762.htm#i17617 | title = thePeerage.com | authorlink = Darryl Lundy | accessdate = 2007-08-20]

After his Sandaig home was destroyed by fire in 1968, Maxwell moved to the lighthouse cottage of Eilean Bàn (White Island), an island he owned off the coast of the Isle of Skye.

In 1969, Maxwell invited John Lister-Kaye to move to Eilean Bàn to help him work on a book about British wild mammals and to assist in building a zoo on the island. Lister-Kaye accepted the invitation and moved to the island, but both projects had to be abandoned when Maxwell died from cancer later that same year."The White Island" by John Lister-Kaye; Longman (1972) ISBN 0-582-10903-5.]

Eilean Bàn now supports a pier of the 1990s-built Skye Bridge, and, despite modern traffic a hundred feet or so above, the island is a commemorative otter sanctuary. Also on the island is a museum dedicated to Maxwell. A stone otter was also erected in the grounds of Port William Golf Course as a memorial to Maxwell.

Maxwell suffered from bipolar disorder throughout his life, according to Douglas Botting."Gavin Maxwell, A Life" by Douglas Botting, HarperCollins (1993) ISBN 0-246-13046-6] Maxwell's literary agent was Peter Janson-Smith, [cite book | last = Frere | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Frere | title = Maxwell's Ghost | publisher = Victor Gollancz | date = 1976 | pages = 71 | isbn = 057502044X ] who was also agent for his contemporary, the author Ian Fleming.

Unusual adventures with exotic animals, and frequent stories of disasters, provide the main appeal of Maxwell's books. Although he could have pursued a successful diplomatic career like many of his class, or a conventional lairdship, he rejected both for a simpler lifestyle.

Maxwell's Otter

He brought an otter back from Iraq and raised it in Scotland, an escapade which he described in "Ring of Bright Water". He took the otter, called Mijbil, to the London Zoological Society, where it was decided that this was a previously unknown sub-species of Smooth-coated Otter, and it was named after him: "Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli", or Maxwell's Otter. It is thought to have lived in the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh of Iraq, but it has been suggested that it may have become extinct as a result of the large scale drainage that has taken place since the 1960s.

In the book, The Marsh Arabs, Wilfred Thesiger says:

[I] n 1956, Gavin Maxwell, who wished to write a book about the Marshes, came with me to Iraq, and I took him round in my "tarada" for seven weeks. He had always wanted an otter as a pet, and at last I found him a baby European otter which unfortunately died after a week, towards the end of his visit. He was in Basra preparing to go home when I managed to obtain another, which I sent to him. This, very dark in colour and about six weeks old, proved to be a new species. Gavin took it to England, and the species was named after him.

Bibliography

*"Harpoon at a Venture" Rupert Hart-Davis (1952)
** Paperback reissue (1984): ISBN 0-14-006987-9
** Paperback reissue (2005): ISBN 1-899863-28-1
*"God Protect Me from My Friends" Longmans (1956)
** Paperback reissue (1972): ISBN 0-330-02787-5
*"A Reed Shaken By The Wind - a Journey Through the Unexplored Marshlands of Iraq" Longmans (1959)
** Paperback reissue (Eland Books, 2003) ISBN 0-907871-93-3
*"The Ten Pains of Death" (1959)
*"Ring of Bright Water" (illustrated by Peter Scott) Longmans (1960)
** Paperback reissue: ISBN 0-14-003923-6
*"The Otters' Tale" Longmans (1962; a children's version of "Ring of Bright Water")
*"The Rocks Remain" Longmans (1963)
*"The House of Elrig" Longmans (1965)
*"Lords of the Atlas: Morocco, the rise and fall of the House of Glaoua" Longmans (1966)
** Reissue, (Eland Books) (2000) ISBN 0-304-35419-8
*"Seals of the World" (1967)
*"Raven Seek Thy Brother" Longmans (1969)

Biography

*"The White Island" by John Lister-Kaye (about the author's time working with Maxwell) Longman (1972) ISBN 0-582-10903-5.
*"Maxwell's Ghost - An Epilogue to Gavin Maxwell's Camusfearna" by Richard Frere, Victor Gollancz, (1976) ISBN 0-575-02044-X
**Paperback reissue 1999, ISBN 1-84158-003-1
*"Gavin Maxwell, A Life" by Douglas Botting, HarperCollins (1993) ISBN 0-246-13046-6 (authorized biography)
** Republished as "The Saga of Ring of Bright Water - The Enigma of Gavin Maxwell" Neil Wilson Publishing Ltd, (2000) ISBN 1-897784-85-6 [http://www.nwp.co.uk/show_publication.cfm?pub_id_var=72]

References & notes

External links

* [http://www.maxwellsociety.com/Biography/Artists.htm Biography by Maxwell's nephew]
* [http://www.eileanban.org Eilean Bàn]
* [http://www.otterjoy.com/OTTERINFO/LUTROGALE/PERSPICILLATA/perspicillata_classification.html Maxwell's Otter]
* [http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=12427 IUCN listing for Maxwell's Otter]
* [http://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/kintail/Sandaig.shtml Visit Camusfearna (Sandaig)]