Saint-Chamas

French commune
nomcommune=Saint-Chamas
"Pont Flavien"
région=Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
département=Bouches-du-Rhône
arrondissement=Istres
canton=Berre-l'Étang
insee=
cp=13250
maire=Gimet René
mandat=2001-2008
intercomm=Agglopole Provence
longitude=5.03472222222
latitude=43.5505555556
alt moy=
alt mini=0
alt maxi=121 m
hectares=2671
km²=26.71
sans=6661
date-sans=1999
dens=249 |

Saint-Chamas (in Provençal Occitan: Sanch Amàs according to classical orthography, Sant Chamas according to Mistralian orthography) is a commune in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France.

ituation

The small town of Saint-Chamas is situated on the shore of the Étang de Berre, 15 kilometres south of Salon-de-Provence and 50 kilometres north-west of Marseille, in a part of the region that has not been industrialised. The highest point of the town is "Le Verdon" at an altitude of 121 metres. In 1946, its population was only 3,440, but in the census of 1999 there were 6,661 "Saint-Chamasséens".

History

Archaeological investigation of rock shelters has proved that the site of Saint-Chamas was already occupied in the Paleolithic era. During the Iron Age, the site was used by the Ligures, who constructed an oppidum (a fortified village), and then by the Celts. The Romans built the "Pont Flavien" in the 1st century BC, a triumphal bridge which crosses the River Touloubre.Rough Guide to Provence and the Côte d'Azur, p. 189]

Saint-Chamas owes its name to Sanctus Amantius (Saint Amans, by tradition the first bishop of Rodez), in whose honour a chapel was built in the 7th century. The settlement was initially constructed on the "Baou", a chalk hill which overlooks the Étang de Berre, a site that was easy to defend and from which the surrounding region could be surveyed. In 1564, the castle was sufficiently comfortable to accommodate the king Charles IX and the regent Catherine de' Medici.

The 17th century saw the construction of the modern town. The old village on the "Baou", now felt to be too cramped, was abandoned as soon as the new quarters of "Perthuis" and "au Delà" were built. A town hall was erected and the port laid out. The parish church of Saint-Léger was built between 1660 and 1668, but the bell tower was not finished until 1740. The church now contains the Saint-Anne reredos which dates from the 16th century. In 1690, construction was initiated by Louis XIV on the royal black powder mill, "La Poudrerie"; this remained for a long time the town's principal industry until it shut down in 1974.

For several years during the French revolution the town was renamed "Port-Chamas". The two main quarters, one of which developed around the town hall, the other in proximity to the port, were linked by a tunnel called "la Goule" which collapsed in 1863. Today Saint-Chamas has become a residential and tourist town which has preserved its heritage and its appearance of a Provençal village.

ee also

*Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

Notes

References

*cite book| last = Baillie| first = Kate| coauthors = Chris Pitts, Neville Walker| title = The Rough Guide to Provence and the Côte d'Azur| publisher = Rough Guides| date = 2003| id = ISBN 1-85828-892-4

External links

* [http://www.saintchamas.fr.st/ Official site]