SS Bandırma

"This article is about the Turkish ship SS Bandırma. For Balıkesir Province district of the same name, see Bandırma."

SS "Bandırma" was a Turkish passenger cargo vessel, which became famous for her historical role in taking Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from İstanbul to Samsun in May 1919 that marked the establishment of the Turkish national movement.

The ship

The steamer "Bandırma", built 1878 in Paisley, Scotland, was a 47.70 m cargo ship with 192 gross tons capacity. She was christened "Torocarderto", and under this name she sailed five years long as a freighter for Dussey and Robinson. In 1883, she was purchased by a Greek ship-owner H. Psicha Preaus, and renamed SS "Kymi". 7 years later, she was sold to another Greek ship-owner Cap. Andreadis sailing under the same name. In 1891, she went down following an accident, but could be floated again.

The Ottoman Maritime Co. purchased the ship in 1894, renaming her SS "Panderma". She served in the Sea of Marmara as a passenger cargo vessel. On October 28, 1910, the company's status was changed, and it was renamed Ottoman Transportation Authority. The ship’s name was also changed to SS "Bandırma", Turkish for Panderma, and she served then as a mail ship in the Turkish seas.

During World War I, SS "Bandırma" collided with the British submarine HMS "E11", and survived a torpedo attack of the same.

"Bandırma" was taken out of duty in 1924. She was sold 1925, and demolished in a shipyard in Golden Horn within four months.

The mission

She went into the history of Republic of Turkey, when Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who was appointed shortly before Inspector General of the 9th Ottoman Army in eastern Anatolia, boarded SS "Bandırma" on May 16, 1919 in İstanbul to go to Samsun. He was sent to Anatolia by sultan’s decree to oversee the process of disbanding the Ottoman Army that was ordered by the Entente powers occupying the capital and controlling the Ottoman government.

Mustafa Kemal Pasha, accompanied with 22 officers, 25 soldiers and 8 administrative staff sailed in heavy weather on the old steamer with a not functioning compass needed to navigate in the wavy Black Sea, and set foot on land in Samsun on May 19, 1919. Upon landing, Mustafa Kemal Pasha started the Turkish national movement contrary to the orders given to him by the Ottoman government in İstanbul that resulted in the declaration of Republic of Turkey after the Turkish War of Independence almost four years later.

The replica

In view of her important historical role in the birth of the Republic of Turkey, the governor and the mayor of Samsun Province both initiated the rebuilding of "Bandırma" in original dimensions and outlook. The building of the replica by Taşkınlar Shipbuilding Co. started on May 9, 2000, and was completed on April 15, 2001. The new "Bandırma" was opened as a museum ship by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on May 19, 2003 at Doğu Park (East Park) in Samsun. Wax figures of Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his followers on the ship are on display along with historical items in the museum ship today.

hip’s register

* 1878 SS "Torocarderto", Great Britain, Dussey and Robinson
* 1883 SS "Kymi", Greece, H. Psicha Preus
* 1890 SS "Kymi", Greece, Cap. Andreadis
* 1894 SS "Panderma", Turkey, Ottoman Maritime Co.
* 1910 SS "Bandırma", Turkey, Ottoman Transportation Co.
* 1924 taken out of service
* 1925 demolished
* 2001 replica built
* 2003 replica put in service as museum ship in Samsun

References

* [http://www.samsun.bel.tr/ataturk/bandirma_vapuru/1.php Municipality of Samsun website]
* [http://www.samsun.ws/samsun_ve_bandirma_vapuru.php Samsun]
* [http://www.bandirma.org/bandirmaturkce/tarihce/geneltar.htm SS Bandırma]