Clionidae

Clionidae
Clione limacina
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Euopisthobranchia clade Gymnosomata
Superfamily:	Clionoidea
Family:	Clionidae Rafinesque, 1815

Clionidae is a family of sea angels, which are a group of pelagic marine gastropods.

They are shaped a little like angels, and have flapping "wings", hence their common name. They are gelatinous, mostly transparent pteropods, and they only have shells in their embryonic stage. They are mostly very small, with the largest species (Clione limacina) reaching 5 centimeters (2 in).

External anatomy

The Clionidae use winglike flaps for rhythmical locomotion, as if flying in the sea. These "wings" are attached to the anterior part of the body. The posterior part is gelatinous and mostly transparent.

The orange visceral sac is confined to the anterior part.

Life habits

Mating is carried out ventrally for mutual fertilization. The following spring, this results in a free-floating, gelatinous egg mass.

Taxonomy

Clionidae d'Orbigny, 1851 is unfortunately also the name of a family of sponges in the order Hadromerida, class Demospongiae. Within the ICZN there has been a proposed emendation of spelling to Clionaidae for the sponge family. The ICZN has ruled that the correct name of gastropod family is Clionidae Gray, 1847, with type genus Clione Pallas, 1774.^[1][2]

The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

• subfamily Clioninae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Fowlerininae Pruvot-Fol, 1926
• subfamily Thliptodontinae, Kwietniewski, 1902 - synonyms: Pteroceanidae Meisenheimer, 1902; Cephalobranchiinae Pruvot-Fol, 1926

Genera

Genera within the family Clionidae include:

subfamily Clioninae

• Clione Pallas, 1774 - type genus
• Fowlerina Pelseneer, 1906^[3]

subfamily Thliptodontinae

• Cephalobrachia Bonnevie, 1912^[4]
• Thliptodon Boas, 1886^[5]

subfamily ?

• Paedoclione Danforth, 1907^[6] - with the only species Paedoclione doliiformis Danforth, 1907^[7]
• Paraclione Tesch, 1903^[8]
• Thalassopterus Kwietniewski, 1910 - with the only species Thalassopterus zancleus Kwietniewski, 1910^[9]

References

1. ^ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (30 September 2004). "Comments". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 61 (3). http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:4FDiEN7_o_8J:www.iczn.org/BZNSeptember2004comments.htm+Cliidae+Clionidae&hl=nl&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=be&lr=lang_en. 
2. ^ Comment on the proposal to emend the spelling of CLIONIDAE d'Orbigny, 1851 (Porifera, Hadromerida) to CLIONAIDAE to remove homonymy with CLIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca); (Case 3211; see BZN 60: 99-102)^{[dead link]}
3. ^ WoRMS (2009). Fowlerina Pelseneer, 1906. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137794 on 2010-09-
4. ^ WoRMS (2010). Cephalobrachia. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=416184 on 2010-09-16
5. ^ WoRMS (2010). Thliptodon Boas, 1886. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137797 on 2010-09-16
6. ^ WoRMS (2010). Paedoclione Danforth, 1907. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.eu/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160432 on 2010-09-16
7. ^ "Genus Paedoclione". Marine Species Identification Portal, accessed 4 February 2011.
8. ^ WoRMS (2009). Paraclione Tesch, 1903. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137795 on 2010-09-16
9. ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Thalassopterus zancleus Kwietniewski, 1910. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139183 on 2010-09-16

External links

• Clionidae at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
• Movie of Clione limacina swimming