Clione antarctica

Clione antarctica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Euopisthobranchia clade Gymnosomata
Superfamily:	Clionoidea
Family:	Clionidae
Subfamily:	Clioninae
Genus:	Clione
Species:	C. antarctica
Binomial name
Clione antarctica (Smith, 1902)

Clione antarctica is a species of a pelagic marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clionidae.

Distribution

Distribution of Clione antarctica include Southern Hemisphere in polar waters of Antarctica.^[1][2]

Description

Length: 4.2 cm.^{[citation needed]}

Ecology

This species is an important component of polar ecosystems.

Prey:

• Limacina antarctica^[1]

Clione antarctica have large lipid storage up to 5% of its wet mass.^[3] It can survive without food only from its lipid storage reserves for about six months.^[3]

Clione antarctica lays eggs at spring.^[3]

It is eaten itself by the medusa Diplulmaris antarctica.^[4]

It defends itself from predators by synthesizing an ichthyodeterrent (= deterring fishes) compound, a previously unknown molecule, named pteroenone.^{[citation needed]} It acts as guest for the hyperiid amphipod Hyperiella dilatata, which takes advantage of the protection offered.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Whitehead K., Karentz D. & Hedges J. (2001). "Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in phytoplankton, a herbivorous pteropod (Limacina helicina), and its pteropod predator (Clione antarctica) in McMurdo Bay, Antarctica". Marine Biology 139(5); 1013-1019. doi:10.1007/s002270100654.
2. ^ Rudman W. B. (11 January 2006). "Clione antarctica (Smith, 1902)". Sea Slug Forum. accessed 2 February 2011.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Seibel B. A. & Dierssen H. M. (2003). "Cascading trophic impacts of reduced biomass in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Just the tip of the iceberg?" Biological Bulletin 205 93-97. HTM, PubMed.
4. ^ Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R. (1990). "Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus". Polar Biology 11(1): 19-25. doi:10.1007/BF00236517.

External links

• Clione antarctica at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
• Bryan P. J., Yoshida W. Y., McClintock J. B. & Baker B. J. (1995). "Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod Clione antarctica (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda)". Marine Biology 122: 271-277.
• Gilmer R. W. & Lalli C. M. (1990). "Bipolar variation in Clione, a gymnosomatous pteropod". Am. Malacol. Union Bull. 8(1): 67-75.
• Nakamura Y, Kiyota H., Baker B. J. & Kuwahara S. (2005). "First Synthesis of (+)-Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod Clione antarctica." ChemInform 36(32). doi:10.1002/chin.200532193.
• Yoshida W. Y., Bryan P. J., Baker B. J. & McClintock J. B. (1995). "Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod Clione antarctica". Journal of Organic Chemistry 60: 780-782. doi:10.1002/chin.199529325.