William Orison Valentine

Infobox Person
name = William Orison Valentine


caption = William Orison Valentine
birth_date = May 9, 1862
birth_place = Spencer, New York
death_date = February 2, 1928
death_place = Bacolod City, Philippines
other_names =
known_for =
occupation = educator, missionary

William Orison Valentine (May 9, 1862– February 2, 1928) was an innovative educator and missionary in service of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. He ministered for some thirty years in Asia, first in Burma starting in 1895 and in the Philippines from 1904 until his death in 1928 at the age of 65.

Early life

Valentine was born in Spencer, New York on May 9, 1862, the son of William Valentine, a farmer and horse breeder and Electa Brown Valentine. After taking the normal course at Mansfield Normal School in Pennsylvania, he taught school for four years and then enrolled at the Colgate Theological Seminary. After completing his studies, he joined the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society and was sent to Burma – first in 1895 to Rangoon, then to Mandalay where he became principal of the Baptist Mission High School for Boys. During his eighth year in Burma he suffered severe sunstroke and returned to America for treatment. It was during his treatment that he met his future wife, nurse Ina Jane Van Allen.

Missionary work in the Philippines

Iloilo province

Valentine and Miss Van Allen were married in 1903 and the couple left for his new appointment in Iloilo in the Philippines. The American Baptist Mission Union had received a grant from John D. Rockefeller to begin educational work in the Philippines, and the Philippine Baptist Conference voted in December 1904 to establish two schools, an industrial school for boys and a Bible school to train ministers and other Christian workers under the administration of Valentine. In the fall of 1905 the Jaro Industrial School was opened as a free vocational boarding school for boys at Jaro, in Iloilo City. The first class consisted of 20 boys who worked four hours a day to pay their tuition, room and board, and spent four hours in the classroom. One of the school's innovations was the adoption of student self-government (the first in the Philippines)Fact|date=May 2008 known as the Jaro Industrial School Republic modeled on American civil government. The Republic continues to this day at Central Philippine University which evolved from the Industrial School over the years. By 1907 there were 300 boys working an active farm and in various trades, and the Bible school had been split off under a separate principal. Mrs. Valentine was active in school affairs and taught some courses. She also cared for the three Valentine children born in Iloilo between 1904 and 1913. In 1913 the school opened its doors to girls; it was fully incorporated by the Philippine government and enrolled 740 students. From the beginning it served poor students who could not afford schooling otherwise. It continued to grow, and in 2005, as Central Philippine University, it enrolled over 13,000 students at all levels.

In 1914, Valentine returned to America with his family to further his studies. In America he studied at Valparaiso University, where he received a degree in education, and at the University of Chicago, where he presented a master's thesis in the department of practical theology. His thesis, "Moral and Religious Values of Industrial Education", recounted the success of work-study schooling at Jaro and other schools in Burma, South Africa and India which had developed a similar philosophy of institutional self support through the work of students.

Negros Occidental province

With the completion of his studies in 1916, Valentine received a new appointment as Provincial Missionary for Negros Occidental, an island neighboring Iloilo in the Philippines. He and his family went to Bacolod, the capital of the province, where he assumed the pastorship of the Bacolod mission church. He built a new mission house to replace the small chapel and encouraged Filipino lay ministers to preach at Sunday services. There were also dormitories for both boys and girls who attended public schools and received a Christian education at the mission. Valentine set about to open new churches and private schools in Bacolod and throughout the province. Mrs. Valentine taught kindergarten in the Bacolod school, and both education and the ministry thrived during the eleven years that Valentine served there.

Death

On February 2, 1928, Valentine died in Bacolod of malaria complicated by heart disease and was buried at the American Cemetery in Jaro, Iloilo City. Mrs. Valentine returned to America, and bought a home offered by the Baptist Mission Society in Granville, Ohio, across the street from Denison University where all three Valentine children studied. She died on March 27, 1979, aged 100.

Legacy

Filipinos remember Valentine's vital role in fostering Christian education in the Visayas. In 1969 he received a posthumous Honorary Doctorate in Pedagogy from the Central Philippine University in Iloilo City. The university honored him further on October 1, 2005, when Central Philippine University celebrated its Founder's Day with the unveiling of a bronze bust of Valentine at Old Valentine Hall. In Negros, the Bacolod Evangelical Church and the Bacolod Christian Center as well as schools and missions throughout the province are outgrowths of Valentine’s work.

References

*William Orison Valentine, "Moral and Religious Values of Industrial Education" (M.A. Thesis, University of Chicago, 1916).
*Roque Granada, "William O. Valentine", in "Half a Century of Service, Souvenir Journal of the Golden Jubilee Year" (Central Philippine University, Iloilo, 1959), p. 48.
*Linnea A. Nelson and Elma S. Herradura, "Scientia et Fides. The Story of Central Philippine University", (Central Philippine University, Iloilo, 1981).
*Ina Van Allen Valentine, "An Oral History", (Recorded in 1969 and printed by Alpine Vista Press, Longmont, Colorado, 2000).
*Angel F. Lobaton, Sr., "The Beautiful American", (Bacolod, 1981).
*Marilyn E. Peterson, "Forshee's Legacy to the Philippines", (Prescott Pr., Lafayette, Louisiana, 1995).
*Reinaldo M. Nolido, "History of the Church", in Bacolod Evangelical Church Book of Remembrance 1902-2002 (Bacolod, 2002).
*"The Central Time 1905-2005, Centennial Yearbook of Central Philippine University" (Iloilo, 2005).
*Juanito M. Acanto, "The Work-Study Service Program: Centennial Legacy of Central Philippine University", Manila Bulletin, Oct. 2, 2005, p. 11.

External links

* [http://www.cpu.edu.ph/centennial/echo/no_1/page12.htm Brief Biography of WO Valentine from The Centennial Echo, Central Philippine University, 2004]
* [http://www.cpu.edu.ph/infocen/October05.htm Founder's Day Celebration at Central Philippine University, October 1, 2005]