Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin (LF), also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is a globular multifunctional protein with antimicrobial activity (bacteriocide, fungicide) and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses. Lactoferrin is found in milk and many mucosal secretions such as tears and saliva. Lactoferrin is also present in secondary granules of PMN and also is secreted by some acinar cells. Lactoferrin can be purified from milk or produced recombinantly. Human colostrum has the highest concentration, followed by human milk, then cow milk.

tructure

Lactoferrin belongs to the transferrin family proteins (TF, melanotransferrin, ovotransferin, etc.). Its molecular mass is 80,000 u (80 kDa). It generally contains two bound Fe+2 ions. It contains 4 identical domains, with two surrounding each iron atom.

Function

Lactoferrin antimicrobial activity is due partly to its high affinity for Fe3+ (ferric state). LF proteolysis produces lactoferricin, kaliocin-1 small peptides with antimicrobial activity. The combination of iron and lactoferrin in mucosal secretions modulate the ability and aggregation of pathogenic bacteria, and inhibit both bacteria and viruses by binding to host cells/viral particles. This inhibits the ability of bacteria and viruses to attach to cell membranes. It is also an antifungal agent.

Lactoferrin receptors have been found on brush-border cells, PMN, monocytes, Mφ and activated lymphocytes.

Lactoferrin inhibits dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission by blocking gp120 to DC-SIGN , which is a critical protein that never changes regardless of strain. [cite journal |author=Groot F, Geijtenbeek TB, Sanders RW, "et al" |title=Lactoferrin prevents dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blocking the DC-SIGN--gp120 interaction |journal=J. Virol. |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=3009–15 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15709021 |pmc=548463 |doi=10.1128/JVI.79.5.3009-3015.2005 |url=]

Genetics

In humans, the lactoferrin gene (LTF) is located on chromosome 3; location: 3q21-q23.

References

Further reading

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citations =
*cite journal | author=van der Strate BW, Beljaars L, Molema G, "et al." |title=Antiviral activities of lactoferrin |journal=Antiviral Res. |volume=52 |issue= 3 |pages= 225–39 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11675140 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Weinberg ED |title=Human lactoferrin: a novel therapeutic with broad spectrum potential |journal=J. Pharm. Pharmacol. |volume=53 |issue= 10 |pages= 1303–10 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11697537 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Valenti P, Antonini G |title=Lactoferrin: an important host defence against microbial and viral attack |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=62 |issue= 22 |pages= 2576–87 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16261253 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-005-5372-0
*cite journal | author=Ward PP, Paz E, Conneely OM |title=Multifunctional roles of lactoferrin: a critical overview |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=62 |issue= 22 |pages= 2540–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16261256 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-005-5369-8

External links

* [http://www.lactoferrinresearch.org lactoferrinresearch.org]
* [http://www.Invitria.com InVitria - sells Lacromin, a holo-lactoferrin (iron saturated)]
* [http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/niceprot.pl?P02788 Expasy Database, chemical structure]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=4057 LTF on the National Center for Biotechnology Information]
* [http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/lac_0314.shtml Thompson.net] Supported information about lactoferrin.
* [http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2003/NEW00935.html FDA] Lactoferrin Considered Safe to Fight E. Coli.
* [http://www.Ventria.com Ventria Bioscience - a source of non-animal breastmilk equivalent lactoferrin]
* [http://www.Agennix.com Agennix.com] A biopharmaceutical company focused on developing protein-based drugs for cancer and diabetic ulcers.
* [http://www.pharming.com/index.php?actt=prod&pg=11 Pharming.com] A biopharmaceutical company producing lactoferrin.

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  • Lactoferrin — Bändermodell nach PDB  …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • lactoferrin — Iron binding protein of very high affinity (Kd 10 19 at pH 6.4, 26 fold greater than that of transferrin) found in milk and in the specific granules of neutrophil leucocytes …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • lactoferrin — /lak teuh fer in/, n. Biochem. a glycoprotein present in milk, esp. human milk, and supplying iron to suckling infants. [1970 75; LACTO + FERR(I) + IN2] * * * …   Universalium

  • lactoferrin — noun A globular multifunctional protein with antimicrobial activity, found in milk and many mucosal secretions such as tears and saliva. Syn: lactotransferrin …   Wiktionary

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  • Lactoferrin — Lac|to|fer|rin [Kurzw. aus ↑ Lact u. ↑ Transferrin] Syn.: Lactotransferrin: in Säugetiermilch u. tränenfl. vorkommendes, Eisen u. a. Metalle bindendes Protein (↑ Siderophor) …   Universal-Lexikon

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