Second superstring revolution
- Second superstring revolution
The second superstring revolution was the intense wave of breakthroughs in string theory that took place approximately between 1994 and 1997.
The different versions of superstring theory were unified, as long hoped, by new equivalences. These are known as S-duality, T-duality, U-duality, mirror symmetry, and conifold transitions. The different theories of strings were also connected to a new 11-dimensional theory called M-theory.
New objects called branes were discovered as inevitable ingredients of string theory. Their analysis - especially the analysis of a special type of branes called D-branes - led to the AdS/CFT correspondence, the microscopic understanding of the thermodynamic properties of black holes, and many other developments.
ee also
* First superstring revolution
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Superstring theory — is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modelling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings. It is considered one of the most promising candidate theories of quantum gravity.… … Wikipedia
String theory — This article is about the branch of theoretical physics. For other uses, see String theory (disambiguation). String theory … Wikipedia
Supergravity — In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory) is a field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity. Together, these imply that, in supergravity, the supersymmetry is a local symmetry (in contrast to… … Wikipedia
History of string theory — 1943 1958: S Matrix String theory is an outgrowth of a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943, picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s, which was discarded and… … Wikipedia
M-theory — For a generally accessible and less technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to M theory. String theory … Wikipedia
Cosmic string — Not to be confused with string in string theory. Cosmic strings are hypothetical 1 dimensional (spatially) topological defects which may have formed during a symmetry breaking phase transition in the early universe when the topology of the vacuum … Wikipedia
General relativity — For a generally accessible and less technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to general relativity. General relativity Introduction Mathematical formulation Resources … Wikipedia
Quantum gravity — is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify quantum mechanics, which describes three of the fundamental forces of nature (electromagnetism, weak interaction, and strong interaction), with general relativity, the theory of the fourth… … Wikipedia
List of string theory topics — See also: List of mathematical topics in quantum theory This is an list of string theory topics. Contents 1 String theory 1.1 String duality 1.2 Particles and fields 1 … Wikipedia
D-brane — String theory Superstring theory … Wikipedia
