Skiddaw

Infobox Mountain
Name = Skiddaw
Photo = Skiddaw_borrowdale.jpg
Caption = Skiddaw from Borrowdale
Elevation = 931 m (3,054 ft)
Location = Cumbria, ENG
Range = Lake District, Northern Fells
Prominence = 709 m
Parent peak = Helvellyn
Coordinates =
Topographic
OS "Landrangers" 89, 90, "Explorer" OL4
Grid_ref_UK = NY260290
Listing = Marilyn, Hewitt, Wainwright, Nuttall
Translation =
Language =
Pronunciation = GB summits entry
Name=Sale How
Gridref=NY276286
Height=666 m (2,185 ft)
Status=Nuttall

Skiddaw is a mountain in the Lake District National Park in the United Kingdom. With a summit at 931 m (3,054 feet) above sea level it is the fourth highest mountain in England (the third highest if Scafell Pike and Sca Fell are regarded as one mountain), and the lowest above 3000 feet. It lies just north of the town of Keswick, Cumbria, and dominates the skyline in this part of the northern lakes. It is the simplest of the Lake District mountains of this height to ascend (as there is a well-trodden tourist track from a car park to the north-east of Keswick, near the summit of Latrigg) and, as such, many walking guides recommend it to the occasional walker wishing to climb a mountain. This is the first summit of the fell running challenge known as the Bob Graham Round when undertaken in a clockwise direction.

The mountain lends its name to the surrounding areas of "Skiddaw Forest", and "Back o' Skidda'" and to the isolated "Skiddaw House", situated to the east, formerly a shooting lodge and subsequently a youth hostel. It also provides the name for the slate derived from that region: Skiddaw Slate. Tuned percussion musical instruments or lithophones exist which are made from the slate, such as the Musical Stones of Skiddaw held at Keswick Museum and Art Gallery.

Topography

The Northern Fells comprise a roughly circular upland area with a diameter approaching 10 miles. At the centre is the marshy depression of Skiddaw Forest— a treeless plateau at an altitude of 1,300 ft— and flowing outward from here are the rivers which divide the area into three sectors. The south western sector, between the Glenderaterra Beck and Dash Beck, contains Skiddaw and its satellites. Wainwright, Alfred: "A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells,Book 5 The Northern Fells": ISBN 0-7112-2458-7]

Skiddaw itself takes the form of a north-south ridge about half a mile long, with steep slopes to east and west. The ridge continues northward over Broad End to Bakestall, a fell overlooking the Whitewater Dash waterfall. Further ridges fan out east and west from the southern end of Skiddaw. To the south east are Skiddaw Little Man, Lonscale Fell and Latrigg, an easily accessible viewpoint for Keswick and Derwentwater. Beyond these fells are the Glenderaterra Beck and the Blencathra group. The south western ridge curves round through 180 degrees to run north above the shore of Bassenthwaite Lake. This gives Skiddaw an 'outer wall', comprising Carl Side, Long Side and Ullock Pike, collectively referred to as 'Longside Edge'. The final member of the Skiddaw Group is Dodd, a satellite of Carl Side.Between Skiddaw and Longside Edge are the quiet valleys of Southerndale and Barkbethdale, separated by the spur of Buzzard Knott. These drain the western flanks of the fell to Bassenthwaite Lake. The eastern side of Skiddaw drains into Skiddaw Forest, much of the water reaching Candleseaves Bog. This marsh is the source of both the Dash Beck flowing north west to Bassenthwaite and the River Caldew, beginning its long journey north eastward to the Solway Firth via Carlisle. Two smooth spurs on this eastern flank of Skiddaw, Sale How and Hare Crag, are listed in separate tops in some guidebooksBirkett, Bill: Complete Lakeland Fells: Collins Willow (1994): ISBN 0-00-713629-3] . Sale How is also a Nuttall

Below Sale How is Skiddaw House, a stone building which has variously served as a shooting lodge, shepherd's bothy and Youth Hostel. Its windbreak comprises the only trees in Skiddaw Forest, and it is reached via a long access track up the Dash Valley.

Skiddaw's slopes are generally rounded and convex, looking from a distance as though a thick velvet blanket has been draped over a supporting frame. On the ridges the general terrain is of loose stones, but elsewhere all is grass and heather. Wainwright noted that "Its lines are smooth, its curves graceful; but because the slopes are steep everywhere, the quick build-up of the "massif" from valley levels to central summit is appreciated at a glance- and it should be an appreciative glance, for such massive strength and such beauty of outline rarely go together." Wainwright, Alfred: "A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells,Book 5 The Northern Fells": ISBN 0-7112-2458-7]

Geology

The bedrock of Skiddaw, commonly known as Skiddaw Slate, is the Kirkstile Formation. This Ordovician rock is composed of laminated mudstone and siltstone with greywacke sandstone. At the summit this is overlain by scree and to the south are areas where the underlying Loweswater Formation surfaces.

ummit and View

The summit ridge bears a number of tops, which from north to south are known as North Top, High Man (the summit), Middle Top and South Top. All now bear cairns and a number of stone windshelters have been erected. Skiddaw has a subsidiary summit, Little Man, which lies about 1.5 km south-south-east of the main peak. Despite its limited independence, Wainwright listed it as a separate fell in his influential "Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells", a convention which is often followed.

The view is as panoramic as might be expected, given Skiddaw's topographic prominence. From High Man the north east quadrant is filled by the quiet fells of Back o'Skiddaw, with the Border hills, the Cheviots and the North Pennines behind them. To the south east are Blencathra, the Far Eastern Fells and the Helvellyn range; behind these are vistas of the Yorkshire Dales and Forest of Bowland. The Coniston Fells are visible directly to the south. On the other side of South Top is a fine view of the Scafells, Western and North Western Fells, with a portion of Snowdonia visible between Kirk Fell and Pillar. The Isle of Man is visible 60 miles away, as are the Mourne Mountains 120 miles away (on exceptionally clear days). The final quarter is taken up by the coastal plain and the distant Solway Firth, backed by the hills of Galloway such as Merrick, Criffel and Broad Law. Goat Fell on Arran can be seen at an angle of 313 degrees, 105 miles away.

Most distant view; Slieve Meelmore in Mourne, 120 miles distant.

Computer-generated panorama; [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/CUM/Skiddaw-N.gifnorth] , [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/CUM/Skiddaw-S.gifsouth] .

By moving to South Top a superb view of Borrowdale can be brought into sight.

Ascents

Many routes of ascent have been devised for Skiddaw. The most popular ("tourist route") starts from Keswick and first ascends behind Latrigg, before the climb continues over the slopes of Little Man to the summit. This walk can be made considerably easier by driving to the top of Gale road and beginning from the public carpark just behind the summit of Latrigg.

Another popular route (and the one recommended by Wainwright) is to follow Longside Edge, first ascending Ullock Pike, Long Side and Carl Side before making the steep climb up from Carlside Col. Also from the north, a somewhat tougher alternative is to walk up Buzzard Knott between Southerndale and Barkbethdale: after crossing to the southern edge of the shoulder above Randel Crag ascend due east to the summit. Rather easier than either of these is the compass-walk due south from Cock Up (505m); reversing this route provides a safe descent, especially in bad weather.

From the south west at Millbeck, Carlside Col can be reached direct. A start from nearby Applethwaite can also be used to provide a variation to the tourist route. From the northwest ascents can be made via Southerndale, or via the northern end of the Skiddaw ridge. Finally on the west the walker can first make for Skiddaw House, a fair step from either Keswick, Threlkeld or Peter House. Once Skiddaw House is reached a direct line is possible, climbing over either Sale How or Hare Crag.

From the north east an unmarked but fairly well-worn path starts at Whitewater Dash waterfall (on Cumbrian Way) where the walker can follow the fence (along Birkett Edge just south of Dead Crags) past the Bakestall outcrop, and follow the fence until just before the unnamed top at 831m. From the 831m top, a path is leading directly to Skiddaw Man.

ee also

"Skiddaw" is also a former name for Mount Wellington, Tasmania, which also overlooks a River Derwent (River Derwent, Tasmania rather than River Derwent, Cumbria).

References

External links

* is at coordinates coord|54.647|-3.146|type:mountain_region:GB|display=inline,title
* Computer-generated virtual panoramas [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/CUM/Skiddaw-N.gifNorth] [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/CUM/Skiddaw-S.gifSouth] [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas.html Index]