James Sharp

James Sharp (1613–1679) was a Presbyterian minister, and later Archbishop of St Andrews (1661–1679).

Sharp was from conservative, Royalist Banffshire in the north-east of Scotland, a graduate of the University of Aberdeen and a regent of St. Andrews University.

In the English Civil War, following the execution of the King, Sharp, a skilled negotiator, became prominent as a leader of the moderate wing of the Scottish church called the "Resolutioners". Many Scottish churchmen had become Covenanters, a group of Presbyterians who bound themselves by oath to protect and defend their Scottish Presbyterianism from the introduction of bishops and other Episcopalian features. This group had split into two factions, the Resolutioners and Protesters, differing over how much power should be given to the King in the ordering of church affairs.

He was captured (1651) by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian forces and imprisoned until 1652. The author of "A true representation of the rise, progresse and state of the present divisions of the Church of Scotland," (1657) was sent to London to represent the interests of the Resolutioners. In London, Sharp became involved with George Monck and his scheme for the restoration of the monarchy, which Sharp conditionally supported. About the same time he privately shifted his loyalties to the restoration also of episcopacy in Scotland, thus betraying his former Scottish Presbyterian associates.

A few months after the restoration of Charles II Sharp was allowed to return to St Andrews and the following year (1661), he was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews and primate of Scotland. In the face of Presbyterian resistance, he embarked on a severe policy repressing the principles of the Covenanters he had formerly represented, enforcing policies, such as the Act of Supremacy (1669) which gave the King complete authority in the Church.

In 1668 James Mitchell attempted to assassinate the archbishop; when he was finally caught six years later, confessed and was executed in 1678, Mitchell became a Presbyterian folk hero and Sharp was even less popular. He was assassinated by a group of Covenanters on Magus Muir, outside St. Andrews, who had in fact been waiting to kill someone else.

In popular Scottish history Sharp is pictured as a turncoat in league with the Devil.

Another 17th century "Archbishop Sharp" was "John" Sharp (1643–1714), Archbishop of York.

External links

* [http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/nov2001.html Archbishop James Sharp Letterbook] . The letterbook reveals him unwillingly retained in London, negotiating between the Covenanters and General Monck
* [http://www.freechurch.org/fair/fair4.htm An account of the assassination of the "Covenanter turned scented Cavalier" gives the flavor of popular history]