- 2nd Vermont Brigade
The 2nd Vermont Brigade was an infantry
brigade in the UnionArmy of the Potomac during theAmerican Civil War .Composition and commanders
The brigade was composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and
16th Vermont Infantry regiments, all nine-month regiments raised as a result of President Lincoln's call onAugust 4 ,1862 , for additional troops due to the disastrous results of thePeninsula Campaign .The brigade was organized on
October 27 ,1862 , after the five regiments had arrived inWashington, D.C. The brigade's first commander was ColonelAsa P. Blunt , commander of the 12th regiment, who was the ranking colonel. Brigadier GeneralEdwin H. Stoughton arrived onDecember 7 , and assumed command of the brigade.Stoughton was not popular with the officers and men of the brigade, so when he was captured by Confederate partisan
John S. Mosby onMarch 9 ,1863 , few mourned his loss. Colonel Blunt assumed command of the brigade again, turning it over to the new brigade commander, Brigadier GeneralGeorge J. Stannard , onApril 20 , who led the brigade until theBattle of Gettysburg .Defense of Washington
The brigade spent most of its short career in the defenses of Washington, in and around
Fairfax, Virginia . From October 1862 until February 1863, it served as the 2nd Brigade, (Brigadier General John J.) Abercrombie's Division, Military District of Washington. In a reorganization in February 1863, the division came under command of Brigadier GeneralSilas Casey and the military district was reorganized as the XXII Corps. In April, Abercrombie resumed command of the division.The 13th, 14th and 15th regiments were stationed at Camp Chase,
Arlington, Virginia untilOctober 28 , then joined the 12th and 16th at East Capital Hill byOctober 30 , when the brigade moved to Munson's Hill, thence to Hunting Creek several days later, where it conducted picket duty on Occoquan Creek, until mid-December. OnDecember 12 , the brigade moved to Fairfax Court House, where it remained until late March 1863, when it moved to Wolf Run Shoals. Several of the regiments were camped independently or in pairs at Bristoe Station, Catlett's Station, Manassas, Warrenton Junction and Rappahannock Station until late June, when they were consolidated at Union Mills in mid- to late-June.The only excitement to break the tedium of picket duty occurred on
December 29 ,1862 , when Fairfax Court House was attacked byJ.E.B. Stuart 's cavalry, andMarch 9 ,1863 , when Stoughton was captured. But all that was to change when Lee'sArmy of Northern Virginia started marching north in late June.Gettysburg Campaign
On
June 25 , the brigade was assigned as the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps, and ordered to follow the rest of theArmy of the Potomac north. The 12th and 15th regiments were detached atWestminster, Maryland , onJuly 1 , to guard supply trains, and the remaining regiments arrived on the battlefield late that evening, and camped to the rear ofCemetery Hill .On the morning of
July 2 , the brigade remained massed in the rear of Cemetery Hill. In the afternoon, Stannard was given command of the infantry supporting batteries on the left flank. The brigade was moved forward some, and the 14th and 16th regiments engaged to check advancing Confederates and help close up the Union line on the left flank of Cemetery Hill. The 13th regiment engaged some Georgian troops who were trying to capture a battery, approaching the Emmitsburg road. Members of the regiment, led by CaptainJohn Lonergan , approached and surrounded the Codori farm house, and captured 80 soldiers from anAlabama regiment. ColonelWheelock G. Veazey of the 16th regiment was detailed as the division field officer of the day.On the morning of
July 3 , members of the 16th regiment were stationed as pickets forward ofCemetery Hill . In the afternoon, after a two hour artillery duel, Confederate GeneralRobert E. Lee launched what has become knownPickett's Charge . The Vermont pickets were withdrawn, and as the Confederates approachedCemetery Hill , the three Vermont regiments flanked the Confederate troops first flanking Pickett's division by wheeling two units to the right and then doing the same to two detached Confederate brigades by wheeling two regiments to the left. [http://www.civilwarhome.com/stannardgettysburgor.htm] Stannard's brigade inflicted severe casualties on the advancing Confederate regiments and forcing some of Pickett's men to redeploy covering their right flank. History recalls this battle as the high-water mark of the Confederacy. Three years later, atSt. Albans, Vermont , GeneralGeorge G. Meade , commanding theArmy of the Potomac at Gettysburg, said "there was no individual body of men who rendered greater service at a critical moment than the comparatively raw troops commanded by General Stannard." [Crockett, iii:563.]After the battle
Col Francis V. Randall assumed command of the brigade after Stannard was wounded. [http://www.civilwarhome.com/randallgettysburgor.htm] On
July 4 , the 12th regiment was sent toBaltimore, Maryland to transport and guard prisoners. The 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th regiments participated in the pursuit of Lee'sArmy of Northern Virginia startingJuly 4 , but broke off and were ordered back to Vermont betweenJuly 8 andJuly 18 . Some of them tarried atNew York City to assist in controlling theDraft riots , but byAugust 10 , all five regiments had mustered out atBrattleboro, Vermont .A total of 4,847 men served in the five regiments of the brigade. It suffered at total of 356 casualties during its career, including 70 killed or mortally wounded at Gettysburg, 282 lost to disease, 2 who died in Confederate prisons, 1 who committed suicide, and 1 who was murdered.
References
* Benedict, G. G., "Vermont in the Civil War. A History of the part taken by the Vermont Soldiers And Sailors in the War For The Union, 1861-5." Burlington, VT.: The Free Press Association, 1888.
* Crockett, Walter Hill, "Vermont The Green Mountain State," New York: The Century History Company, Inc., 1921, pp. 558-564.
* Dyer, Frederick Henry, "A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion." New York: T. Yoseloff, 1908. 3 vol.
* Peck, Theodore S., compiler, "Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers and lists of Vermonters Who Served in the Army and Navy of the United States During the War of the Rebellion, 1861-66. Montpelier, VT.: Press of the Watchman Publishing Co., 1892.
* Sturtevant, Ralph Orson and Carmi L. Marsh, "Pictorial History: Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers, War of 1861-1865," Privately published by the regiment, c1910.Notes
Further reading
* Coffin, Howard, "Full Duty: Vermonters in the Civil War." Woodstock, VT.: Countryman Press, 1995; "Nine Months to Gettysburg. The Vermonters Who Broke Pickett's Charge." Woodstock, VT.: Countryman Press, 1997.
* Palmer, Edwin F., "The Second Brigade: or, Camp Life, By a Volunteer," Montpelier: E. P. Walton, 1864.
* Williams, John C., "Life in Camp: A History of the Nine Months' Service of the Fourteenth Vermont Regiment, From October 21, 1862, When It was Mustered into the U.S. Service, to July 21, 1863, Including the Battle of Gettysburg," Claremont, NH: Claremont Mfg Co, 1864External links
* [http://vermontcivilwar.org Vermont in the Civil War]
* [http://www.vtguard.com/museum/index.htm Vermont Veterans Militia Museum and Library]
* [http://www.bgs.state.vt.us/gsc/pubrec/referen/military.htm Vermont Military Records Project, Vermont Public Records Division]Template group
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