Rhododendron occidentale

Taxobox
name = "Rhododendron occidentale"

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image_width = 240px
image_caption = "Rhododendron occidentale" photographed at the San Francisco Botanical Garden at Strybing Arboretum
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Ericales
familia = Ericaceae
genus = "Rhododendron"
subgenus = "Pentanthera"
sectio = "Pentanthera"
species = "R. occidentale"
binomial = "Rhododendron occidentale"
binomial_authority = Torr. & A.Gray

"Rhododendron occidentale" (Western Azalea) is one of two deciduous "Rhododendron" species native to western North America (the other is "Rhododendron albiflorum"). The Western Azalea is known to occur as far north as Bandon, Oregon. It is found as far south as the Palomar Mountain area in southern California, with reports that it is found in Baja California, Mexico. It is not known to occur east of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges.

It is a shrub growing to 5 m tall. The leaves are deciduous, 3-9 cm long and 1-3 cm broad. The flowers are 3.5-5 cm diameter, with five lobes on the corolla; color varies from white to pink, often with a yellow blotch.

There is considerable diversity in the form and appearance of this species, with genetic diversity seeming to reach its highest level along the coast in the vicinity of the border between Oregon and California. It is tolerant of serpentine soils to the point that serpentine soils (along with surface water) can be used as a sign of its presence in southern Oregon. For this reason, it is a part of the unique plant community found in the serpentine barrens of the Siskiyou Mountains, along with "Darlingtonia californica" and "Cypripedium californicum". It is usually found in wetlands although, like other rhododendrons, it does not grow with its roots submerged in water. It prefers both more moisture and more sunlight than "Rhododendron macrophyllum", an evergreen rhododendron with a similar range.

History and cultivation

The plant was described by explorers in western North America in the nineteenth century. At one time, the various geographic races were each classified as separate species. Seed was sent to Veitch Nursery in England in 1850 by William Lobb.

The Western Azalea was an early contributor in the development of deciduous hybrid azaleas in Great Britain, such as the Exbury azaleas.

During the twentieth century it has been the subject of ongoing plant exploration as at least three generations of rhododendron enthusiasts have sought out unusual forms for use in the garden and to record for science. Many of those forms are now conserved in the Smith-Mossman Western Azalea Garden at Lake Wilderness Arboretum in Maple Valley, Washington state, USA.

References

*Galle, Fred C. "Azaleas". 1987, second printing 1991. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-091-6.
*Davidian, H. H. "The Rhododendron Species, Volume IV - Azaleas". 1995. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-311-7.
*Cox, Peter A. & Kenneth N.E. "The Encyclopedia of Rhododendron Species". 1997. Glendoick Publishing. ISBN 0-9530533-0-X.
*Towe, L. Clarence "American Azaleas". 2004. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-645-0.
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Rhododendron+occidentale Jepson Flora Project: "Rhododendron occidentale"]
* [http://www.smith-mossman.net/ Western Azalea Garden / photos] in Maple Valley, Washington, USA

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