Orange-breasted Green Pigeon

Orange-breasted Green Pigeon
A pair in Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Genus:	Treron
Species:	T. bicinctus
Binomial name
Treron bicinctus (Jerdon, 1840)
Synonyms
Osmotreron bicincta Vinago bicincta Dendrophasa bicincta

The Orange-breasted Green Pigeon (Treron bicinctus) is a pigeon found across tropical Asia south of the Himalaya across the Indian Subcontinent and extending into parts of Southeast Asia. Like other green pigeons, it feeds mainly on small fruit. They may be found in pairs or in small flocks, foraging quietly and moving slowly on trees. The nape is blue-grey and the crown is yellowish green. The uppertail coverts and brozed and the undertail coverts are unmarked rufous. The male has a pinkish band on the upper breast with a broader orange one below while the female has a bright yellow breast.

Identification

Adult male at Yala National Park, Sri Lanka

Similar in appearance to other green pigeons including the Yellow-footed Green Pigeon and the Grey-fronted Green Pigeon but has no maroon on the wing. The male does not have any grey on the head but has a narrow band of lilac on the upper breast with a broader orange band below. The undertail-coverts are cinnamon with the longer feathers edged yellow. The tails is grey above with a broad subterminal dark band. The females are yellow below and lack the orange or lilac bands. The undertail coverts are duller cinnamon with greenish spots. The upper tail however has the central feathers slaty grey rather than green as in females of T. affinis or T. pompadora.^[1] The Sri Lankan population (T. b. leggei) is slightly smaller in wing length but otherwise similar.^[2][3][4][5] Other populations that have been named as subspecies include domvilii (Swinhoe, 1870) of Hainan Island^[6] and javana Robinson & Kloss, 1923 from Java and Bali. Population praetermissa from Thailand is often included in the nominate form.^[7]

Habitat and distribution

This is a species of forest and is widely distributed from the Terai and lower Himalayas (below 1500 m) south mainly in the Western and Eastern Ghats and in Sri Lankan forests not far from the coast.^[8] They are found in Burma, Thailand the Malay Peninsula, Vietnam, Java and Hainan. Some seasonal movements are suspected as vagrants have been recorded from locations like Sind.^[2][9]

Behaviour and ecology

Orange-breasted Green Pigeons usually occur singly or in small groups. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. They eat seeds and fruits of a wide variety of plants often joining other frugivores at fruiting figs, foraging by slowly walking along branches. They are known to feed on Strychnos nuxvomica. They are sometimes seen on the ground. Their call is a low subdued series of modulated wandering whistles. Males fight with each other during the breeding season, slapping each other with their wing and pecking each other. The breeding season in India is March to September but mainly before June. In Sri Lanka, they breed mainly from December to May. The nest is the typical flimsy platform of a few twigs in which two white eggs are laid. Both sexes incubate and eggs hatch in about 12 to 14 days.^[2][10]

References

1. ^ Rasmussen, PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. pp. 212–213. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} Ali, S & SD Ripley (1981). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 3 (2 ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 104–106. 
3. ^ Jerdon, TC (1864). The birds of India. Volume 3. Calcutta: George Wyman and Co.. pp. 449–450. http://www.archive.org/stream/birdsofindiabein03jerd#page/449/mode/1up/. 
4. ^ Blanford, WT (1898). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 11–12. http://www.archive.org/stream/birdsindia04oaterich#page/11/mode/1up/. 
5. ^ Hartert, E (1927). "Types of birds in the Tring Museum". Novitates Zoologicae 34 (1): 1–38. http://www.archive.org/stream/novitateszoologi34lond#page/3/mode/1up/. 
6. ^ Hartert, E (1910). "The birds of hainan". Novitates Zoologicae 17: 189–254. http://www.archive.org/stream/novitateszoologi17lond#page/192/mode/1up. 
7. ^ Peters, JL (1937). Check-list of birds of the World. Volume 3. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 19–20. http://www.archive.org/stream/checklistofbirds31937pete#page/18/mode/1up/. 
8. ^ Ferguson,HS; Bourdillon,TF (1904). "The birds of Travancore with notes on their nidification. Part III.". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 16 (1): 1–18. http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofbombayn16abomb#page/1/mode/1up/. 
9. ^ Eates, KR (1938). "Occurrence of the Lesser Orange-breasted Green Pigeon (Dendrophasa bicincta bicincta) at Keamari, Sind". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40 (2): 330–331. 
10. ^ Baker, EC Stuart (1913). Indian pigeons and doves. Witherby and Co.. pp. 49–55. http://www.archive.org/stream/indianpigeonsdov00bake#page/49/mode/1up. 

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