Pietro Francavilla

Pierre Franqueville, generally called Pietro Francavilla (1548 — 25 August 1615), was a Franco-Flemish sculptor trained in Florence, who provided sculpture for Italian and French patrons in the elegant Late Mannerist tradition established by Giambologna.

Biography

Born at Cambrai, he received his early training as a draftsman in Paris. In 1565 he is recorded at Innsbruck, where Alexander Colin was working on the elaborate monument in the Hofkirche for the funerary monument to Emperor Maximilian I. In this project Franqueville learned enough of the practice of sculpture to enter the large Florentine atelier of his fellow countryman, Giambologna. [ Giambologna or "Jean de Boulogne" was born in Douai in 1529. Franqueville was provided with a letter of introduction from Archduke Ferdinand of Austria.] Francavilla became his master's main assistant in the carving of marble, including the masterpiece of the "Rape of the Sabines" displayed in the Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence. His first independent commissions were extended to him through Giambologna, who become overwhelmed with requests. Francavilla's finished pen-and-ink drawings after the master's "bozzetti" for projects, as they were stored at the workshop, are in some cases the only testament to works that have been lost or that were never executed. [Undated drawings of Giambologna "modelli" by Francavilla were purchased for the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1993 (see Ref. V&A).]

In 1574, he began his first independent commission, eventually constituting thirteen garden sculptures for abbate Antonio di Zanobi Bracci for the Villa Bracci at Rovezzano near Florence. The thirteen were purchased through Sir Horace Mann, British envoy at Florence, for Frederick, Prince of Wales, who died without ever seeing them; they were left in storage at Kew and have been dispersed and ignored, then rediscovered in 1952. ["Apollo" (1577) and "Zephyr" (1576) are at the Victoria and Albert Museum; four more from the series are among the sculptures in Sir Jeffrey Wyattville's East Terrace Garden, Windsor Castle; see A. H. Scott-Elliot, "The Statues by Francavilla in The Royal Collection" "The Burlington Magazine" 98 No. 636 (March 1956), pp. 76-84.] A late example in the series, the "Venus" at the Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, is signed and dated 1600, and must have been made for or acquired by Bracci's nephew, who inherited the estate in 1585. [Scott-Elliot 1956:77, 79 fig. 21.]

In 1585 Francavilla was elected to the Florentine Academy.

In 1589 nearly all artists in Florence were recruited for the unprecedented decorations set up to celebrate the wedding of Ferdinando I de' Medici and Christina of Lorraine, including painted triumphal arches along the procession route. [The wedding's elaborate temporary decorations were memorialized in the engravings of a festival book, published in 1589 (see Ref.)] For the event, a temporary façade was erected for the Duomo, designed by Giovanni Antonio Dosio; Francavilla provided sculptures of Saints Zenobius and Poggio.

In 1590 he executed four marble sculptures of the "Seasons" to be erected at Bartolomeo Ammanati's Ponte Santa Trinita , Florence; they replaced the temporary sculptures of Roman heroes, erected for the wedding festivities.

In 1598 he executed an "Orpheus with Cerberus" for the banker Jerome (Girolamo) de Gondi, gentleman of the King's bedchamber, whose Florentine family had emigrated to France in the train of Catherine de' Medici. Gondi placed it in a central fountain in the garden of his Paris hôtel in the suburban Faubourg Saint-Germain, [It was accompanied by bronze figures of animals by Romolo Ferruzzi del Tadda. In 1612 Hôtel Gondi became the Hôtel Condé (see Ref. Presenze toscane),] where it was much admired. It eventually found its way to the gardens of Versailles. Gondi's Château de Saint-Cloud was later purchased for Monsieur, brother of Louis XIV. The sculpture is now in the Louvre Museum.

He intervened, probably only with drawings, in the new architectural façade provided for the Palazzo dei Priori, Pisa; the Gothic structure was unified under a scheme commenced by Vasari to create a Medicean focus in Pisa. In the re-named Piazza dei Cavalieri, Francavilla's monumental statue of Cosimo I reigned over the former Palazzo degli Anziani ("Palace of the Elders"), a former symbol of Pisan independence remade as a Medicean monument. [See references at Piazza dei Cavalieri).]

He was invited to France by Henry IV in 1601, when Pietro Tacca took his place as Giambologna's premier assistant. When Marie de Medici, the Florentine-born queen of France, decided to erect an equestrian statue in honor of her husband, Henry IV, she awarded the commission to Giambologna, who had executed monuments to the grand dukes of Tuscany, Cosimo and Ferdinand I (at Arezzo) Following Giambologna's death (1608), the casting and finishing was executed by his pupil Pietro Tacca. When the bronze arrived in Paris, the queen commissioned a pedestal from Pierre Francqueville, as he was known in France. He modelled three bas-reliefs for the base to be cast in bronze and modeled four bound captives before his death. His pupil and son-in-law, Francesco Bordoni, who had followed Francavilla to France, cast and finished the bronzes, which were completed in 1618.

Francavilla died in 1615. His portrait, executed in chalk, by Hendrik Goltzius in 1591, is in the Rijksmuseum.

Major works

*Garden sculptures for Villa Bracci, Rovezzano (1574)
*"Amorino" (c. 1580), a joint work with Giambologna. [Now Kress Collection, Seattle Art Museum; [http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/collection/holocaustProvenanceDetail.asp?objectID=14011| Holocaust Provenance] .]
*"Jason" (late 1580s), marble, Museo del Bargello, Florence
*"Seasons" (1590), two marble sculptures for the Ponte S. Trinita , Florence. ["Spring" and "Winter", the other two are by Giovanni Battista Caccini. When the bridge was blown by the retreating Germans at the close of World War II, the sculptures toppled into the Arno, from which they were recovered when the bridge was meticulously restored "com'era". All but the head of "Spring" were found; the missing head was fortuitously recovered from the riverbed later, after a frantic search that included notices of rewards posted in newspapers. (Mary McCarthy, "The Stones of Florence".]
*"Ferdinand I de' Medici" (1595), Arezzo. Executed to a design by Giambologna.
*"Cosimo I" (1596), Pisa; the Grand Duke is in the robes of Grand Master of his "Ordine dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano", erected in Piazza dei Cavalieri, Pisa, [http://www.sns.it/en/scuola/luoghi/piazzadeicavalieri/] as a civic symbol of the hegemony of Florence.
*"Orpheus" (1598), marble, Hôtel de Gondi, Paris.
*Four bound "Captives" (1614) from the base of the equestrian statue of Henry IV of France, erected in 1635 on the Pont-Neuf, Paris, [The bronze of Henry IV was destroyed at the Revolution, in August 1792.] cast and finished by his son-in-law Francesco Bordoni, 1618; they were stored through the Napoleonic Empire, and have been in the Louvre Museum since 1817.
*"David, conqueror of Goliath", marble (Louvre Museum).
*"Mercury" [Donatella Pegazzano, catalogue entry, in exhibition "La Reggia Rivelata", curated by Detlef Heikamp, Palazzo Pitti, 2003.]
*"Venus" 1600, marble (Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut)
*"Meleager" [Included in the travelling exhibition, "L’Ombra del Genio. Michelangelo e l’arte a Firenze- 1537-1631", 2002.]
*"Bust of Saint Romualdo" [Included in the travelling exhibition, "L’Ombra del Genio. Michelangelo e l’arte a Firenze- 1537-1631", 2002.]

Notes

References

*(Donatella Pegazzano), "Il Giasone di Palazzo Zanchini: Pietro Francavilla al Museo del Bargello" Exhibition, 2002, of the recently-acquired Zanchini di Castiglionchio "Giasone" (Jason).
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/francavilla_pietro.html Pietro Francavilla on-line]
* [http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225985&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225985&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500822&bmUID=1155418280803&bmLocale=en (Louvre Museum) Four Captives]
* [http://special-1.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/BookDetails.aspx?strFest=0204 A copy of the festival book of 1589 at the British Library.]
* [http://www.toscana-europa.it/?sezione=15&dettaglio=91 "Presenze toscane in Europa: Parigi"]
* [http://www.artfund.org/artwork/5305/drawings-of-modelli-for-sculptural V&A:drawings of Giambologna's "bozzetti"]
* [http://www.sns.it/en/scuola/luoghi/piazzadeicavalieri/ (Scuola Normale Superiore), Piazza dei Cavalieri]