Spye Park

Spye Park (gbmapping|SU952674) is a 90.3 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, notified in 1951. The historic house which stood there, near the great Roman road from London to Bath, had been twice destroyed by fire, most recently in 1974. The new owner, as of 2005, was planning to rebuild a Palladian house.

Spye Park is about two miles to the north of Bromham village in Wiltshire.

History of Spye Park House

The house was first known to be owned in the 16th century by Edward Bayntun (1517 - 1593) of Rowdon; he had previously been Battle Abbey Steward and had built Bromham Hall in 1538. [ [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getcom.php?id=37 ] "In 1538 Bromham was purchased from the Crown by the Battle Abbey steward, Sir Edward Baynton. He was one of the great Wiltshire landowners and built Bromham House. This was nearly as big as the royal palace of Whitehall and contained materials savaged from Devizes Castle and a royal manor house at Corsham." This site states erroneously that Spye Park was demolished in 1964; it was demolished only after a fire destroyed the house and rot set in, and that took place in 1974.] . The diarist John Evelyn claims that the house was built in 1654; however, Sir Edward may have substantially built upon a previously existing structure, based on eyewitness evidence after the 1868 fire.

His grandson Sir Edward Bayntun (1593 - 1657) built Spye Park House after the destruction of Bromham House in 1645 during the civil war. He was married to Stuarta, the daughter of Sir Thomas Thynne, whose brother resided at Longleat. The house passed out of the Bayntun family when the heiress Ann Bayntun married Edward Rolt (d. [1722) of Sacombe Park, MP for Chippenham. [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/TheHeiress.html Ann Bayntun] (b. 1689) succeeded her brother John Bayntun (1688-1716) who was the 19th in lineal descent from Sir Henry Bayntun, Knight of the Household to King Henry II. On his death, the Bayntun male line died out entirely. The two siblings were children of Henry Bayntun (1664-1691) by his wife Lady Anne Wilmot, daughter of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, the noted Restoration poet and libertine. [http://www.bayntun-history.com/AnneBayntun1689.htm Ann Bayntun's first husband Edward Rolt (d. 1722] was the son of Sir Thomas Rolt (1632-1710), an early Nabob who made his fortune with the East India Company. Sir Thomas purchased the medieval house and estate of Sacombe Park in Hertfordshire in 1688. Ann Rolt, nee Bayntun, had several children with her first husband, and at his death, she married in 1724 the 13th Lord Somerville and had further issue, two sons and one daughter. ] Ann's second son Edward Rolt, later Sir Edward Bayntun Rolt, 1st Bt (d. 1800), inherited the property, and was made a baronet in 1762. He had six illegitimate children with his mistress, Mary Poynter, whom he later married secretly in 1751. Their fourth and youngest but only legitimate son Sir Andrew Bayntun-Rolt, 2nd Bt (1755-1816), was born after the marriage and thus his father's only legitimate child and heir after the marriage laws reforms of 1753. [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/EdwardBayntunRolt1710.htm Sir Edward Bayntun-Rolt, 1st Bt.] . Retrieved 15 December 2007.] He married in 1777 Lady Maria Coventry, and separated from her for an affair with his nephew in 1783; they divorced in 1787.

Their only child was Maria Barbara Bayntun (b. ca 1780). She became her father's and grandfather's sole legitimate heiress as declared in the entail of 1788. [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/TheHeiress.html] , [http://www.bayntun-history.com/EdwardBayntunRolt1710.htm Sir Edward Bayntun-Rolt, 1st Bt.] and [http://www.bayntun-history.com/BromhamRoches.htm Bayntun marriages] . Sir Andrew Bayntun-Rolt, 2nd Bt., remarried, but had no male issue apparently. The second page implies that Maria Barbara was his eldest daughter, and perhaps his only living child or his eldest living daughter in 1788.] [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/SpyeParkHouse.htm Bayntun History :: Spye Park House ] ] . She in turn eloped in 1797 aged 17, and married a mere reverend; however, she inherited her father's estate in 1816. Her son John Edward Andrew Bayntun Starky (1799-1843) inherited the estate, which was sold in 1864 to pay the debts of his son John Bayntun Starky (1834-1872) - while his grandmother, the second heiress, was still alive!

In 1855, the house was bought by Major J.W.G. Spicer [The [http://www.bayntun-history.com/SpyeParkHouse.htm Spye Park Estate] was bought for £100,000 by Major J.W.G. Spicer, an army officer whose investment in a Brewery had made his fortune. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, had offered three times as much, but was refused by the owner John Bayntun Starkey for reasons unknown.] , and owned by four more generations. The 17th century house was demolished by Spicer, and rebuilt 1864-1868 in red brick. This house, considered an eyesore by Spicer's neighbours, was destroyed by fire in 1868. The house was rebuilt from 1868 to 1871, this time in the Tudor style. By 1939, the estate consisted of 500 acres.

In the 1930s, the owner was Captain Frank Fitzroy Spicer, MC, DSO (d. 1973), who married 1931 (as her second husband) Lady Avice Sackville-West (b. 1897), younger daughter of the 8th Earl De La Warr. Lady Avice was the former wife of the future MI5 head Stewart Menzies (d. 1968) and left him for Spicer. Despite this, Spicer and his wife were close friends of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother who visited the Spye Park estate regularly in the Fifties.

The second house built by Major Spicer, the first of five generations of Spicers, was destroyed by fire in 1974. Today, no trace of the great Spye Park mansion exists. Even the foundations have been covered over with grass. According to a local history website,

"the Spicers decided to tear down the ruin as it was riddled with dry rot, which was worsened by the drenching which the house received from the firemen's hoses." [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/SpyeParkHouse.htm Spye Park House] ]

The estate was sold by Simon and Rosamund Spicer, the fifth generation of the family to live on the estate to an unknown buyer for 8 million pounds in 2005. [ [http://archive.thisiswiltshire.co.uk/2005/7/7/82805.html Spye Park sold for £8m] From the "Swindon Advertiser", first published Thursday 7 Jul 2005. Retrieved 15 December 2007. ]

Owners of the Estate since the Restoration [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/Home.htm The entire list of owners of the house] is available from the local history website. Retrieved 15 December 2007.]

Bayntun family

The house was owned by Bayntuns since the 15th century. Sir Edward Bayntun (1517-1597) built the new house circa 1654, and married a Howard relative Agnes Ryce (d. 1574), formerly the mistress of a nobleman Lord Stourton (d. 1548). Their descendants inherited the house and estate until 1864 when both passed out of the family. Sir Edward was a Member of Parliament for Wiltshire County in 1562-1563 and again in 1570; M.P. for Devizes in 1571; M.P. for Calne in 1572 and M.P. for Chippenham Borough in 1588-1589 and High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1570. [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/SirEdward1517.htm Sir Edward Bayntun, builder of the house] . His first wife's mother Lady Katherine Howard (d. 1554), was a half-aunt of two of Henry VIII's wives – Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard; she was daughter of the 2nd Duke by his second wife Agnes Tilney; Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard were his granddaughters by his first wife Elizabeth Tilney (cousin of Agnes). However, her husband was Rhys FitzUryan per [http:www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/ww/wales12.htm Stirnet database] .]
* 1654-1679: "Sir Edward Bayntun" (1618-1679), KB, Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1664. He married aged 43 the 18-year-old Stuarta Thynne (d. 1680), daughter of Sir Thomas Thynne, and sister of the [http://www.exclassics.com/newgate/ng40.htm Tom Thynne] murdered at the connivance of Carl Johan Konigsmarck. [He is more famous in history as the brother of Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, lover of the future George I's wife, and Aurora von Königsmarck, mistress of the King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, and ancestress of George Sand.] They were estranged by 1670. [ [http://www.bayntun-history.com/SirEdwardBayntun1618.htm Sir Edward Bayntun] in his will expressly forbade interference by his wife and her relations, a powerful Wiltshire family, in his children's education and upbringing. His younger surviving son Thomas Bayntun (1667-1713) was father of Rachael Bayntun, Duchess of Kingston]
* 1679-1691: "Henry Bayntun" (1664-1691) married 1685 Lady Anne Wilmot (d. 1703 as Lady Anne Greville), daughter of the late Earl of Rochester (d. 1680 aged 33), famous Restoration poet-libertine.
* 1691-1716: "John Bayntun" (1688-1716), who died issueless. At his death, the Bayntun male line failed. His sister Ann inherited, but by terms of an entail in 1716 and custom, her second son Edward inherited from his uncle.

Bayntun-Rolt baronets (1726-1816)

* 1716-1800: "Sir Edward Bayntun-Rolt, 1st Bt." (d. [1800] ), created a baronet 1762, inherited from his uncle John Bayntun
* 1800-1816: "Sir Andrew Bayntun-Rolt, 2nd Bt." (1755-1816); died without legitimate sons. His eldest daughter inherited the estate.

Bayntun-Starkey family (1816-1864)

Estate inherited by Maria Barbara Bayntun Starkey (1780-1870), apparently passed by entail or other provision to her son.
* 1816-1841: "John Bayntun Starkey" (d. 1841).
* 1841-1864: "John Andrew Bayntun Starkey"; sold the house in 1855 and the estate in 1864, per various sources.

picer family (1864-2005)

* 1855/1864-?: "Major J.W.G. Spicer"
* in 1888: "Captain John Spicer" [ [http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/competitionnews/392/61121.html Avon Vale Hunt: Captain John Spicer] "Hunt: in 1888, the eighth Duke of Beaufort loaned the country to Captain John Spicer of Spye Park, who hunted it until the present formation of the hunt in 1912. Former masters include Sir Gerald and Sir John Fuller, Viscount Knutsford, Major John Bartholomew, Charles Bartholomew and Captain Frank Spicer"]
* in 1930s and 1950s: "Captain Frank Fitzroy Spicer" MC DSO (d. 1973)
* in 1974: presumably "Simon Spicer", fifth-generation owner who sold the park in 2005.
* 2005-present: unknown.

Notes

ources

* [http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002120.pdf English Nature citation sheet for the site] (accessed 11 August 2006)
* [http://www.bayntun-history.com/SpyeParkHouse.htm History of Spye Park]
* [http://www.bayntun-history.com/BromhamRoches.htm History of the Bayntun family and their marriages]

External links

* [http://www.english-nature.org.uk English Nature website] (SSSI information)