Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville

Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville (January 24, 1776 - May 28, 1857) was a French aristocrat, diplomat, and politician.

Biography

Royalist agent

Jean-Guillaume was born at La Charité-sur-Loire (Nièvre), the son of Guillaume Hyde, who belonged to an English family which had emigrated with the Stuarts after the rebellion of 1745.

He was only seventeen when he successfully defended a man denounced by Joseph Fouché before the revolutionary tribunal of Nevers. From 1793 onwards he was an active agent of the exiled princes: he took part in the Royalist rising in Berry in 1796, and after the 18 Brumaire coup (November 9, 1799) tried to persuade Napoleon Bonaparte to recall the traditional monarchy.

An accusation of complicity in the conspiracy of 1800-1801 was speedily retracted, but Hyde de Neuville retired to the United States, only to return after the replacement of the French Empire by the 1814 Bourbon Restoration.

Diplomat

He was sent by Louis XVIII to London to attempt the persuasion of the British government to transfer Napoleon to a remoter and safer place of exile than the isle of Elba, but the negotiations were cut short by the emperor's return to France in March 1815 (the Hundred Days). In January 1816 de Neuville became French ambassador at Washington, D.C., where he negotiated a commercial treaty. On his return in 1821 he declined the position of ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and in November 1822 was elected deputy for Cosne.

Shortly afterwards he was appointed French ambassador in Portugal, where his efforts to oust British influence culminated, in connection with the "coup d'état" of Dom Miguel (April 30, 1824), in his suggestion to the Portuguese minister to invite the armed intervention of Britain. It was assumed that this would be refused, in view of the loudly proclaimed British principle of non-intervention, and that France would then be in a position to undertake a duty that Britain had declined.

The planned action was however prevented by the attitude of the reactionary party in the government of Paris, which disapproved of the 1822 Portuguese constitution. This ruined Hyde de Neuville's influence in Lisbon, and he returned to Paris to take his seat in the Chamber of Deputies.

Deputy and minister

In spite of his pronounced Royalism, he displayed Liberal tendencies, opposed the policy of Jean-Baptiste de Villèle's cabinet, and in 1828 became a member of the moderate administration of Jean Baptiste Gay de Martignac as Naval Minister. In this capacity, he showed active sympathy with the cause of Greek independence.

During the Jules de Polignac ministry (1829-1830), he was again in opposition, being a firm upholder of the Charter, However, after the 1830 July Revolution, he entered an all but solitary protest against the exclusion of the legitimate line of the Bourbons from the throne ("see July Monarchy and Orléanist"), and resigned his seat. He died in Paris.

Legacy and family

His "Mémoires et souvenirs" (3 vols., 1888), compiled from his notes by his nieces, the vicomtesse de Bardonnet and the baronne Laurençeau, are of major interest for the Revolution and the Restoration.

His wife, the Baroness Hyde de Neuville, was a noted watercolorist.

References

*1911