- Peter Mitchell (politician)
Peter Mitchell, PC (
January 4 ,1824 –October 25 ,1899 ) was a Canadian politician and one of the Fathers of Confederation.After a career in law and in business as a
shipbuilder , Mitchell enteredNew Brunswick politics in 1852, while it was still a colony of theUnited Kingdom . He ran as a reform candidate for the colonial House of Assembly, but was defeated. Mitchell was a supporter ofresponsible government and the Liberal Party.Mitchell ran again in 1856 as an opponent of
prohibition , which had been proposed by the government. He carried a pistol for protection during the campaign and rum for his supporters. He was successful in this election. In the legislature, Mitchell opposed denominational schools and supported the creation of municipal government. He became a member of theExecutive Council in 1859, and introduced the colony's firstbankruptcy act in order to make things easier for debtors. Mitchell did not run for re-election in 1861, but was soon appointed to theLegislative Council (the colony'sUpper House ) and rejoined the Executive Council.While attending the Quebec Conference of 1864, Peter Mitchell was a strong supporter of
Canadian confederation . He resigned from the Executive Council in 1865 when the pro-Confederation government ofSamuel Leonard Tilley was defeated, and helpedlieutenant-governor Arthur Hamilton Gordon force the resignation of the anti-Confederation government ofAlbert J. Smith in 1866. Gordon appointed Mitchell as the new premier. Mitchell asked Gordon to call an election, and he and hisConfederation Party were returned with a majority that approved the participation of the colony in theCanadian confederation in 1867.Mitchell attended the
London Conference , which drafted theBritish North America Act . He was appointed to the newCanadian Senate for its inaugural session in July 1867. Mitchell became a member of SirJohn A. Macdonald 's first cabinet as minister of marine and fisheries. He was an aggressive defender of Canadian interests, and contested foreign fishing in Canadian waters to the extent of using gunboats to seize American vessels.Mitchell resigned from the Senate in 1872 to run for a seat in the
Canadian House of Commons where he felt he would have more influence. He was acclaimed in aby-election , but in 1873 the Macdonald government fell due to thePacific Scandal . Mitchell abandoned the Liberal-Conservative Party of Macdonald and declared himself an independentMember of Parliament (MP). He had little influence as an independent, and was distrusted by both Conservatives and Liberals.He ran in the 1878 federal election as an "Independent Liberal" who supported Macdonald's
National Policy . Mitchell was defeated by independent candidateJabez Bunting Snowball .Mitchell returned to the Commons in the 1882 election and was re-elected in the 1887 election as an independent Liberal, but was defeated in the 1891 election.
In 1885, Mitchell purchased the "Montreal Herald and Daily Commercial Gazette", and used it to attack the policies of both Liberals and Conservatives. He also called for mercy for
Louis Riel , and blamed Macdonald for causing the Riel Rebellion by not dealing with Métis complaints. He became a supporter of SirWilfrid Laurier and ran as a Liberal in the 1896 election but lost. Laurier made him general inspector of fisheries for Quebec and the Maritime provinces, and Mitchell held that position until his death in 1899.His nephew was
Charles R. Mitchell a former provincial Cabinet Minister and leader of theAlberta Liberal Party .References
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*s-ttl|title=
Member of Parliament for Northumberland
years=1872–1878s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Northumberland
years=1882–1891
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