List of international submarine communications cables

This is a list of international submarine communications cables and does not include domestic cable systems, such as those on the coastlines of China, Italy and Brazil. All the cable systems listed below have landing points in two or more countries, and are mostly (as of November 2005) in-service. Several older cables, although no longer used for international telecommunications, are used for scientific purposes. Others are simply abandoned.

A

* AAG - ("Asia America Gateway") (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, Continental USA West Coast)
* AC-1 - ("Atlantic Crossing") (USA, UK, Germany, the Netherlands)
* AC-2 - ("Atlantic Crossing") (USA-UK)
* Aden-Djibouti - (Yemen-Djibouti)
* ADRIA-1 - (Croatia, Albania, Greece)
* AIS - (Australia-Indonesia-Singapore)
* AJC - (Australia-Japan Cable)
* Alonso de Ojeda - (Aruba-Curaçao)
* ALPAL-2 - ("Algiers-Palma de Mallorca") (Algeria-Spain)
* ALETAR - (Egypt-Syria)
* AMERICAS-1 NORTH - (USA-US Virgin Islands)
* AMERICAS-1 SOUTH - (US Virgin Islands, Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil)
* AMERICAS-II - (USA, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Martinique, Curaçao, Trinidad, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil)
* ANTILLAS I - (Dominican Republic-Puerto Rico)
* Antilles Crossing Phase 1 - (US Virgin Islands, St Lucia, Barbados)
* ANZCAN - (Australia, New Zealand, Canada)
* APC - ("Asia-Pacific Cable") (Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore)
* APCN - ("Asia-Pacific Cable Network") (Japan, Korea, Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia)
* APCN 2 - ("Asia-Pacific Cable Network 2") (Japan, Korea, Philippines, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore)
* APHRODITE-2 - (Greece-Cyprus)
* APNG - (Australia-Papua New Guinea)
* APNG-2 - (Australia-Papua New Guinea)
* Apollo - (USA, UK, France)
* ARCOS-1 - ("Americas Region Caribbean Ring System") (USA, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas)
* ARIANE-2 - (France-Greece)
* ASEAN - (Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand) (decommissioned)
* Atlantica-1/GlobeNet - (USA, Bermuda, Venezuela, Brazil)
* ATLANTIS-2 - (Argentina, Brazil, Senegal, Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands, Madeira, Spain, Portugal)
* AUS-HAW - ("Australia-Hawaii") (Australia-USA)

B

* BAHAMAS 2 - (USA-Bahamas)
* BALTICA - (Poland, Denmark, Sweden)
* BARGEN - (Cabrera de Mar, Spain - Genova, Italy)
* BARSAV (Barcelona, Spain - Savona, Italy)
* BCS - (Sweden-Lithuania)
* BERYTAR - (Syria-Lebanon)
* Bharat Lanka Cable System - (India-Sri Lanka)
* BICS - ("Bahamas Internet Cable System")
* BMP (cable system) - (Brunei-Malaysia-Philippines)
* Botnia - (Sweden-Finland)
* BS - (Brunei-Singapore)
* BDSNi - ("Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network international")
* BSFOCS - ("Black Sea Fibre Optic Cable System")
* BT-MT1 - (UK-Isle of Man)
* BT-TE1 - (UK-Ireland)
* BUS-1 - (Bermuda-US)

C

* C-J FOSC - ("China-Japan Fibre Optic Submarine Cable")
* C2C - (City to City) (Hong Kong, Philippines, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Guam, USA)
* CADMOS - (Cyprus-Lebanon)
* CANTAT-1 - (Canada Transatlantic) - (Canada-UK)
* CANTAT-2 - (Canada Transatlantic) - (Canada-UK)
* CANTAT-3 - (Canada Transatlantic) - (Canada, Iceland, the Faeroes, UK, Denmark, Germany)
* CANUS-1 - (Canada-USA)
* CARAC - ("Caribbean Atlantic Cable") (Bermuda-Tortola)
* Cayman-Jamaica
* CELTIC - (UK-Ireland)
* CIOS - ("Cyprus-Israel Optical System")
* CIRCE NORTH - (UK-the Netherlands)
* CIRCE SOUTH - (UK-France)
* CKC - ("China-Korea Cable")
* CNSFTC - ("Central North Sea Fibre Telecommunications Company") - (UK-North Sea oil platforms)
* COLUMBUS II - (USA-Mexico-Italy)
* COLUMBUS III - (USA-Azores-Portugal-Italy)
* Concerto 1 - (Triangular UK-Belgium-the Netherlands)
* Corfù–Bar - (Greece-Montenegro)
* CORSAR - ("Corsica-Sardinia") (France-Italy)
* Cuba-Venezuela - Cuba-Venezuela
* CUCN - ("China-US Cable Network") (Korea-US-China-Japan-Guam)

D

* Danica North (Denmark-Sweden)
* Danica South (Denmark-Sweden)
* DANICE - (Denmark-Iceland)
* Denmark-Germany 1
* Denmark-Norway 5
* Denmark-Norway 6
* Denmark-Poland 2
* Denmark-Russia 1
* Denmark-Sweden 15
* Denmark-Sweden 16
* Denmark-Sweden 18
* DMCS - ("Dumai-Melaka Cable System") (Indonesia-Malaysia)

E

* EAC - ("East Asia Crossing") (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines)
* EASSy - (a projected East Africa Submarine Cable System with endpoints in South Africa and the Sudan)
* ECFS - ("Eastern Caribbean Fibre System") (Trinidad, Grenada, St Vincent, Barbados, St Lucia, Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Antigua, St Kitts, St Maarten, Anguilla, Tortola)
* EDF1 (INGRID) - (Jersey, France)
* EDF2 (INGRID) - (Guernsey, Jersey, France)
* EE-S 1 - (Estonia-Sweden)
* EESF-2 - (Estonia-Finland)
* EESF-3 - (Estonia-Finland)
* EMOS 1 - (Eastern Mediterranean Optical System) (Greece, Israel, Turkey, Italy)
* ESAT 1 - ("Éireann Satellite 1") - (Ireland-UK)
* ESAT 2 - ("Éireann Satellite 2") - (Ireland-UK)
* Estepona–Tetuán - (Morocco, Spain)
* Estonia-Sweden 1
* EURAFRICA - (Portugal, Morocco, France)

F

* FALCON - (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, India)
* FARICE-1 - (UK-Faroes-Iceland)
* FARLAND - (UK-the Netherlands)
* FEC - (Finland Estonia Connection)
* Fibralink - (Jamaica-Dominican Republic)
* Fehmarn Belt - (Denmark-Germany)
* FLAG FA-1 - ("FLAG Atlantic") - (USA, UK, France)
* FLAG FALCON - ("FLAG Alcatel-Lucent Optical Network") - (Egypt, Sudan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, India, Maldives)
* FLAG FEA - ("FLAG Europe-Asia") - (UK, Spain, Italy, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, South Korea, Japan)
* FLAG FNAL - ("FLAG North Asian Loop") - (Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan)
* FOG - ("Fiber Optic Gulf") (UAE-Qatar-Bahrain-Kuwait)
* FOG2 - ("Fiber Optic Gulf 2") (UAE-Iraq-Saudi Arabia)

G

* GCN - ("Global Caribbean Network") (Guadeloupe, St. Martin, Ste. Croix, Puerto Rico)
* G-P - (Guam-Philippines)
* Gemini - (USA-UK)
* Georgia-Russia
* Germany-Denmark 1
* Germany-Denmark 2
* Germany-Sweden 4
* Germany-Sweden 5
* GLO-1 - (Nigeria, Portugal, UK)
* Gondwana-1 - (New Caledonia, Australia)
* Gotland-Ventspils - (Sweden-Latvia)
* GPT - (Guam-Philippines-Taiwan)
* Greenland Connect - (Canada-Greenland-Iceland)
* GWEN - ("Greece to Western Europe Network") (Italy - Greece)

H

* HERMES-1 - (UK-Belgium)
* HERMES-2 - (UK-Netherlands)
* Hibernia Atlantic - (UK, Ireland, Canada, USA)
* HJK - (Hong Kong-Japan-Korea)
* HONTAI-2 - (Hong Kong-Taiwan)
* HSCS - ("Hokkaido-Sakhalin Cable System") (Russia - Japan) [www.subtelforum.com/NewsNow/6_january_2008.htm]
* HUGO - (UK, Guernsey, Jersey, France)

I

* I-ME-WE - ("India-Middle East-Western Europe") - (India, Pakistan, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Italy) (planned)
* i2i - (India-Singapore)
* India-UAE
* IOCOM - (India-Malaysia)
* Italy-Albania
* Italy-Croatia
* Italy-Greece
* Italy-Libya
* Italy-Malta
* Italy-Monaco
* Italy-Tunisia
* ITUR - (Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia)

J

* Japan-US
* JASURAUS - ("Jakarta - Surabaya - Australia") (Indonesia-Australia)
* Jersey-Guernsey 4
* JKC - (Japan-Korea)
* JNAC - (USA, Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan) (planned, but not built)

K

*KELTRA-2 - ("Kelibia-Trapani") - (Tunisia-Italy)
*KAFOS - ("Karadeniz Fiber Optik Sistemi") (Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania)
*KATTEGAT-1 - (Denmark-Sweden)
*KDN-Reliance - (Yemen - Kenya) (planned for 2007)
*KJCN - ("Korea-Japan Cable Network")
*Kuwait-Iran

L

* LANIS-1 - (Isle of Man-UK)
* LANIS-2 - (Ireland-Isle of Man)
* LANIS-3 - (Northern Ireland-Scotland)
* LEV - (Italy, Cyprus, Israel)
* Liberty - (UK, Guernsey, Jersey, France)
* LV-SE 1 - (Latvia-Sweden)

M

* MAC - ("Mid-Atlantic Crossing") - (USA, St. Croix)
* Main One - West Coast of Africa
* Maldives - Sri Lanka
* Malaysia-Thailand
* Marseille-Palermo - (France-Italy)
* MAT-2 - (Italy-Spain)
* MAYA-1 - (USA, Mexico, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia)
* MCN - ("Mid-Caribbean Network") (Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique)
* MCS ("Matrix Cable System") (Indonesia-Singapore)
* MedNautilus - (Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Cyprus)
* MED Cable - (France-Algeria)
* MINERVA - (Cyprus-Italy)
* MOYLE NORTH (Northern Ireland - Scotland)
* MOYLE SOUTH (Northern Ireland - Scotland)

N

* NACS - ("North Asia Cable System") (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan)
* NAFSIKA - (Italy-Greece)
* NorSea Com 1 - (Norway-UK)
* NPC - ("North Pacific Cable") - (USA, Japan)

O

* ODIN - (the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway)
* Okinawa-Luzon-Hong Kong - (Hong Kong, the Philippines, Japan and North America)
* Otranto-Corfù - (Italy-Greece)

P

* PAC - (Pan-American Crossing)
* PacRimEast - ("Pacific Rim East") (New Zealand-Hawaii)
* PacRimWest - ("Pacific Rim West") (Australia-Guam)
* Pakistan-UAE-2
* PAN AM - ("Pan-American Cable System")
* Pangea - (UK-Denmark & UK-the Netherlands)
* Pangea (Baltic Sea) - (Sweden, Estonia, Finland)
* PC-1 - ("Pacific Crossing")
* PEC - ("Pan-European Crossing")
* PPC-1 - (Australia-Papua New Guinea-Guam) (under construction Aug 2008)
* PTAT-1 - ("Private Trans-Atlantic Telecommunications System")

Q

* Qatar-UAE 1
* Qatar-UAE 2

R

* REMBRANDT-1 - (UK-the Netherlands)
* REMBRANDT-2 - (UK-the Netherlands)
* RIOJA-1 - (UK-Spain)
* RIOJA-2 - (UK-the Netherlands)
* RIOJA-3 - (Belgium-the Netherlands)
* RJK - (Russia-Japan-Korea)
* RNAL - ("Reach North Asia Loop") (Hong Kong-Taiwan-Japan, Hong Kong-Korea-Japan)

* SAC - ("South American Crossing")
* SAS-1 - (Saudi Arabia-Sudan)
* SAT-2 - ("South Atlantic") (South Africa-Spain-Morocco-Portugal)
* SAT-3 - ("South Atlantic")
* SAFE - ("South Africa-Far East")
* SAm-1 - ("South America-1")
* Scandinavian Ring
* SCF - ("Southern Caribbean Fiber") (St Kitts, Martinique, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Antigua)
* SEA-ME-WE 2 - ("South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe")
* SEA-ME-WE 3 - ("South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe")
* SEA-ME-WE 4 - ("South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe")
* SEACOM - (South Africa, Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, India and Europe) planned for 2009
* SFL - (Sweden-Finland Link)
* SFS-4 - (Sweden-Finland)
* SHEFA-2 - ("Shetland-Faroes") (UK-Faroes)
* SIRIUS NORTH - (Northern Ireland - Scotland)
* SIRIUS SOUTH - (Ireland - England)
* SMPR-1 - (St. Maarten-Puerto Rico)
* SOLAS - (Ireland-UK)
* Southern Cross - (Australia, New Zealand, United States)

T

* T-V-H - (Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong)
* TAGIDE-2 - (France-Portugal)
* TampNett - (Norway-North Sea Oil Platforms)
* Tangerine - (UK-Belgium)
* TASMAN 2 - (Australia-New Zealand)
* TAT-1 - (UK-Canada)
* TAT-2 - (France-Canada)
* TAT-3 - (UK-USA)
* TAT-4 - (France-USA)
* TAT-5 - (Spain-USA)
* TAT-6 - (France-USA)
* TAT-7 - (UK-USA)
* TAT-8 - (USA, UK, France)
* TAT-9 - (USA, Canada, Spain)
* TAT-10 - (Germany-USA)
* TAT-11 - (USA, France, UK)
* TAT-12/13 - (USA, UK, France)
* TAT-14 - (USA, UK, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark)
* TBL - ("Trans-Balkan Line") (Italy-Albania, continuing overland through Macedonia, Bulgaria, and into Turkey)
* TCCN - ("Trans Caribbean Cable Network") - (USA-Jamaica)
* TCS-1 - ("Trans-Caribbean System 1")
* TEAMS - ("The East African Marine System") (UAE-Kenya) (planned)
* Telstra un-named (cable system) - (Sydney-Hawaii)
* TIC or TIISCS - ("Tata Indicom Cable") or ("Tata Indicom India-Singapore Cable System") (India-Singapore)
* TIS - (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore)
* TPC-3 - ("Trans Pacific Cable")
* TPC-4 - ("Trans Pacific Cable")
* TPC-5CN - ("Trans Pacific Cable")
* TPE - ("Trans-Pacific Express") (China, Korea, Taiwan, USA) (planned)
* TPICK ("Telecommunication Plan for Improvement of Communications in Korea") - runs the length of Korea to mainland Japan via Changson-Tsushima-Seburiyama
* TWA-1 ("Transworld Associates") (UAE-Oman-Pakistan)

U

* UGARIT - (Cyprus-Syria)
* UK-Belgium 5
* UK-Belgium 6
* UK-Channel Isles 7
* UK-Channel Isles 8
* UK-Denmark 4
* UK-France 3
* UK-France 4
* UK-Germany 5
* UK-Germany 6
* UK-Ireland Crossing 1
* UK-Ireland Crossing 2
* UK-Netherlands 12
* UK-Netherlands 14
* UK-Spain 4
* ULYSSES-1 - (UK-France)
* ULYSSES-2 - (UK-the Netherlands)
* UNISUR - (Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil)
* UNITY - (Japan-USA) (under construction)

V

* Ventspils-Farosund(Gotland)-Stockholm
* VSNL Northern Europe - (UK-Netherlands)
* VSNL Western Europe - (UK, Portugal, Spain)
* VSNL SG HK JP Guam - (Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Guam)
* VSNL Transatlantic - (UK-USA)
* VSNL Transpacific - (Japan, Guam, USA)
* VMSCS - ("Vodafone Malta-Sicily Cable System") (Italy-Malta)

W

* WAFS - ("West Africa Festoon System")
* WASC - ("West Africa Submarine Cable")

X

Y

* Yellow - ("Atlantic Crossing")

Z

ee also

List of domestic submarine communications cables

References

External links

* [http://www.terabitconsulting.com/public/downloads/20071128_Submarine_Networks_Africa_Johannesburg_Presentation.pdf Submarine Cable Market Overview, November, 2007] -- includes details of many major submarine cable systems
* [http://www.globalcaribbean.net/en/index2.php?soc=gcn Global Caribbean Net] - Reference site for GCN, MCN, and SCF
* [http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cables/CableTimeLine/index.htm Timeline of Submarine Cables, 1850-2007]
* [http://telegeography.com/products/map_cable/index.php Global Communications Submarine Cable Map, 2008]
* [http://economicstrategy.blogspot.com/2007/03/why-east-lags-behind.html Submarine Cable in Eastern India]
* [http://www.iscpc.org/ The International Cable Protection Committee] -- includes a register of submarine cables worldwide (though not always updated as often as one might hope)
* [http://www.ukcpc.org.uk/ The UK Cable Protection Committee]
* [http://www.kisca.org.uk/ Kingfisher Information Service] -- source of free maps of cable routes around the UK
* [http://www.sigcables.com/cgi-bin/index.pl France Telecom's Fishermen's/Submarine Cable Information]
* [http://www.ofcc.com/ Oregon Fisherman's Cable Committee]
* [http://www.safe-sat3.co.za/HomePage/SAT3_WASC_SAFE_Home.asp SAT3 WASC SAFE Undersea Cable]
* [http://www.kidorf.com/DBLandings.php Comprehensive list of cable landing sites globally]
* [http://www.kidorf.com/DBSuppliers.php List of the suppliers of the world's undersea communications cables]
* [http://news.com.com/2300-1033_3-6035611-1.html Internet/Tel Undersea Cables of the World]
* [http://www.kddi.com/english/business/oversea/pdf/kddi_gnm_en.pdf Map of all submarine communications cables currently in use, KDDI, July 2002]
* [http://eyeball-series.org/cable-eyeball.htm Map and Satellite views of US landing sites for transatlantic cables]
* [http://eyeball-series.org/cablew-eyeball.htm Map and Satellite views of US landing sites for transpacific cables]
*cite web
title=Maps of communications cable routes
url=http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/cables.html
accessdate=February 12
accessyear=2006
*cite web
title=Fibre for Africa
url=http://fibreforafrica.net/
accessdate=2007-06-07