Palmwood

Palmwood is a hardwood timber from palm trees, most commonly associated with the Coconut Palm, but also including the Date Palm. It is referred to in the Philippines as Coconut Lumber, or Coco Lumber. It is a relatively new timber resource that comes from plantation crops and offers an alternative to rainforest timber.

Background

Palmwood comes from farmed plantations of old coconut palms. The coconut palm was planted as a crop in large plantations throughout the tropics in the early half of the 20th century in order to harvest the coconut fruit. The tree bears fruit until approximately 70 years of age, at which point it is considered to have reached the end of its economic life and is felled to make way for future crops. Each year, several million palms are felled throughout the tropics. Traditionally, the trunks have been wasted by-products from this process.

Only in very recent years have people begun to explore the potential commercial uses for this vast, alternative supply of wood. This led to the commercial launch of Palmwood in a range of different products, from flooring to posts to furniture. With these products performing at equal to or even better than conventional hardwoods, Palmwood represents a viable substitute for endangered hardwoods from an ecologically-sound source.

Characteristics

Colour tones and hues range from golden to near ebony, with dark brown flecks. There are three basic Palmwood colour divisions relating to the wood's density: dark brown tones (high density); medium brown tones (medium density); and light golden tones (low density).

Coconut trees have no annual growth rings, rays, heartwood or branches, meaning that Palmwood is free from knots and other such imperfections.

Properties

The coconut palm is a monocotyledon. It has a smooth, slender stem that grows to a height of about 25 metres and with an average diameter of 300mm. The hardest, densest part of the wood is found on the outer perimeter of the trunk, which gives the tree its strength, while the wood’s high silica content gives the tree elasticity. Towards the centre of the trunk, the wood gets relatively less hard.

Palmwood is classified according to three degrees of density:
* High-density wood (dermal) – hard: 600-900kg/m³
* Medium-density wood (sub-dermal) – medium/hard: 400-600kg/m³
* Low-density wood (core) – soft/medium: 200-400kg/m³

Processed Palmwood is resistant to termites and borers, as well as mould and wood rot, making Palmwood suitable to both interiors and exteriors, in wet and dry climates.

Janka ball hardness test:-
*Coconut = 1600 – 2200 psi (dependent on which figures you look at)
*Douglas-fir = 510 psi
*Oak between 1000 – 1200 psi dependent on type of oak.

Usage

Palmwood has many applications as both a structural and interior design material. The harder, high-density wood is suitable for general structural purposes such as pillars, trusses, rafting, furniture, window and doorframes, floors, decking and floor joists. Medium density Palmwood can be used for walls, ceiling joists and horizontal studs. Low density Palmwood is used in non-load bearing applications like wood panelling, internal trim and ceilings, as well as homewares.

References

* Modern Coconut Management: palm cultivation and products; J.Ohler (1999)
* Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study: Focus on Coconut Wood; Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (1997)
* Tapping the Tree of Life; W.Pyper (2001)
* Coconut Program Area Research Planning and Prioritization; C.Aragon (2000)
* Coconut Wood Processing and Use; Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (1985)
* State of the Art: Cocowood Utilization; R.Palomar (1990)

External links