Graminoids of Soldiers Delight

The Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, consists of about convert|1900|acre|km2 of land in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. [http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiers.html] [http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html] [http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/features/soldiers.html] Much of the area of the Soldiers Delight NEA contains a serpentine barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants. [http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_18946.htm] [http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/serpentine.asp]

The following list of sedges, rushes, grasses and cat-tails comes from the publications by [F] Fleming et al. 1995, [M] Monteferrante 1973, [R] Reed 1984, [We] Wennerstrom 1995, and the unpublished data by [Wo] Worthley 1955-1985.

----List of Graminoids of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area

Division Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)

Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)

*"Bulbostylis capillaris" (L.) C.B. Clarke - Thread-leaf Beak-sedge [Wo]

*"Carex bicknellii" Britt. - Bicknell's Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex bullata" Schkuhr - Button Sedge [M, R]

*"Carex caroliniana" Schwein. - Carolina Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex cephalophora" Muhl. - Oval-headed Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex complanata" Torr. & Hook. - Hirsute Sedge [M, R, Wo]

*"Carex convoluta" Mackenzie? - [R]

*"Carex flaccosperma" Dewey - Thin-fruited Sedge [R, Wo]

*"Carex hystericina" Muhl. - Porcupine Sedge, Bottlebrush Sedge [R] {G5, S1, E}

*"Carex lupulina" Muhl. - Hop Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex lurida" Wahl. - Lurid Sedge, Sallow Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex nigromarginata" Schwein. - Black-edge Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex pensylvanica" Lam. - Pennsylvania Sedge [R, Wo]

*"Carex richardsonii" R. Br. - Richardson's Sedge {G4, S1, E}

*"Carex rosea" Schkuhr - Rosy Sedge, Stellate Sedge, Curly-Styled Wood Sedge [M, R]

*"Carex seorsa" E.C. Howe - Weak Stellate Sedge [R]

*"Carex swanii" (Fern.) Mackenzie - Swan's Sedge, Downy Green Sedge [Wo]

*"Carex umbellata" Schk. - Parasol Sedge, Early Oak Sedge [R]

*"Cyperus esculentus" L. - Yellow nutsedge [Wo]

*"Cyperus strigosus" L.- Straw-colored Cyperus, Straw-colored Flat-sedge [M, R, Wo]

*"Eleocharis tenuis" (Willd.) Schultes - Kill Cow, Slender Spikerush [M, R, Wo]

*"Eleocharis ovata" (Roth) Roemer & Schultes - Blunt Spikerush, Ovate Spikerush [Wo]

*"Fimbristylis annua" (All.) Roemer & Schultes - Annual Fimbry [M, R, We, Wo]

*"Fimbristylis autumnalis" (L.) R. & S. - Autumn Sedge, Slender Fimbry [M, R]

*"Rhynchospora alba" (L.) Vahl - White Beak-rush [M, R, Wo]

*"Scirpus atrovirens" Willd. - Black Bulrush, Dark Green Bulrush [M, Wo]

*"Scirpus cyperinus" (L.) Kunth - Woolgrass [Wo]

*"Scirpus hattorianus" Makino - Early Dark-green Bulrush, Mosquito Bulrush [R]

*"Schoenoplectus validus" (Vahl.) A. & D. Löve - Great Bulrush, Soft-stem Bulrush [M, R]

*"Scleria pauciflora" Muhl. "ex" Willd. - Carolina Whipgrass, Few-flower Nutrush [M, R, Wo] ----

Juncaceae (Rush Family)

*"Juncus acuminatus" Michx. - Tapertip Rush, Sharp-fruited Rush, Knotty Leaf Rush [Wo]

*"Juncus brevicaudatus" (Engelm.) Fern. - Short-tailed Rush, Narrow-panicle Rush [M] {G5, S2}

*"Juncus bufonius" L. - Toad Rush [M, Wo]

*"Juncus canadensis" J. Gay - Canada Rush [M, Wo]

*"Juncus dichotomus" Elliott (Syn. "Juncus tenuis" Willd. var. "dichotomus" (Elliott) A. Wood) - Forked Rush [Wo]

*"Juncus dudley" Wiegand (Syn. "Juncus tenuis" Willd. var. "dudleyi" (Weig.) F.J. Herm.) - Dudley's Rush [R, Wo]

*"Juncus effusus" L. - Common or Soft rush [Wo]

*"Juncus secundus" Beauv. - Lopsided Rush, Nodding Rush [M, R, Wo]

*"Juncus subcaudatus" (Engelm.) Conv. & Blake - Tailed Rush [M, R]

*"Juncus tenuis" Willd. - Path Rush, Slender rush, Poverty Rush, Field Rush [M, R, We, Wo]

*"Luzula bulbosa" (Wood.) Rydb. - Bulbous Woodrush [Wo] ----

Poaceae (Grass Family)

*"Agrostis gigantea" Roth - Redtop [R, Wo]

*"Agrostis hymenalis" (Walter) BSP. - Tickle Grass [M, Wo]

*"Agrostis hymenalis" (Walter) BSP. var. "scabra" (Willd.) Blomq. - Tickle Grass [R]

*"Agrostis perennans" (Walt.) Tuckerman - Autumn or Upland Bent [M, R, Wo]

*"Andropogon gerardii" Vitman - Big Bluestem [F, M, We, Wo]

*"Andropogon glomeratus" (Walt.) B.S.P. var. "glomeratus" (Syn. "Andropogon virginicus" var. "abbreviatus") - Bushy Bluestem [R]

*"Andropogon gyrans" Ashe - Elliott's Bluestem [Wo]

*"Andropogon virginicus" L. - Broom-sedge [We, Wo]

*"Anthoxanthum odoratum" L. - Sweet Vernal Grass [Wo]

*"Aristida dichotoma" Michx. - Poverty Grass, Three-awn Grass [M, R, We, Wo]

*"Aristida oligantha" Michx. - Prairie Three-awn [Wo]

*"Aristida purpurascens" Poiret - Purple Three-awn [M, R, We, Wo]

*"Arrhenatherum elatius" (L.) J & C.Presl. - Tall Oat Grass [Wo]

*"Brachyelytrum erectum" (Schreb.) Beauv. - Bearded Shorthusk [Wo]

*"Bromus commutatus" Schrader - Upright or Hairy Chess [M, Wo]

*"Bromus japonicus" Thunb. - Japanese Bromegrass [R]

*"Bromus pubescens" Muhl. - Canada Brome [Wo]

*"Bromus secalinus" L. - Chess, Cheat [R]

*"Bromus tectorum" L. - Drooping Brome, Downy Chess, Downy Brome [Wo]

*"Cinna arundinacea" L. - Stout Woodreed [Wo]

*"Cynodon dactylon" (L.) Pers. - Bermuda Grass [Wo]

*"Dactylis glomerata" L. - Orchard Grass [M, We, Wo]

*"Danthonia sericea" Nutt. - Downy Danthonia [Wo]

*"Danthonia spicata " (L.) Beauv. - Poverty Grass [M, Wo]

*"Deschampsia cespitosa" (L.) Beauv. - Tufted Hair-grass [We, Wo] {G5, S1, E}

*"Deschampsia flexuosa" (L.) Trin. - Crinkled Hair-grass [R]

*"Dichanthelium aciculare" (Desv. "ex" Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Syn. "Panicum aciculare") - Needle-leaf Rosette Grass [M]

*"Dichanthelium acuminatum" (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. "fasciculatum" (Torr.) Freckmann (Syn. "Panicum lanuginosum") - Western Panic Grass [M, Wo]

*"Dichanthelium boscii" (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Syn. "Panicum boscii") - Bosc's Panic Grass [Wo]

*"Dichanthelium clandestinum" (L.) Gould (Syn. "Panicum clandestinum") - Deer-tongue Grass [M, Wo]

*"Dichanthelium depauperatum" (Muhl.) Gould (Syn. "Panicum depauperatum") - Starved Panic Grass [M, Wo]

*"Dichanthelium dichotomum" (L.) Gould (Syn. "Panicum dichotomum") - Bushy Panic Grass [R, Wo]

*"Dichanthelium linearifolium" (Scribn.) Gould (Syn. "Panicum linearifolium") - Low Panic Grass [R, Wo]

*"Dichanthelium oligosanthes" (Schultes) Gould (Syn. "Panicum oligosanthes") - Few-flowered Panic Grass [R, Wo] {G5, S2}

*"Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon" (Elliott) Gould (Syn. "Panicum sphaerocarpon") - Round-fruited Panic Grass [R, Wo]

*"Digitaria filiformis" (L.) Koeler - Finger Grass [R]

*"Digitaria ischaemum" (Schreb.) Muhl. - Smooth Crabgrass [M, R, Wo]

*"Digitaria sanguinalis" (L.) Scop. - Crabgrass [Wo]

*"Echinochloa crusgalli" (L.) Beauv. - Barnyard Grass [M, Wo]

*"Eleusine indica" (L.) Gaertn. - Goose-grass [Wo]

*"Elymus hystrix" L. - Bottle-brush Grass [Wo]

*"Elymus virginicus" L. - Virginia Wild-rye [M, Wo]

*"Elytrigia repens" (L.) Nevski - Quackgrass, Witchgrass [Wo]

*"Eragrostis capillaris" (L.) Nees - Lace Grass [Wo]

*"Eragrostis cilianensis" (All.) Janchen - Stink-grass [Wo]

*"Eragrostis minor" Host - Little Lovegrass [Wo]

*"Eragrostis spectabilis" (Pursh) Steudel - Purple Lovegrass [Wo]

*"Festuca elatior" L. - Meadow Fescue, Tall Fescue [M, Wo]

*"Festuca ovina" L. - Sheep Fescue [Wo]

*"Festuca rubra" L. - Red Fescue [R, Wo]

*"Festuca subverticillata" (Pers.) E. Alexeev. - Nodding Fescue [Wo]

*"Glyceria striata" (Lam.) Hitchc. - Fowl Manna Grass [Wo]

*"Hierochloe odorata" (L.) Beauv. - Vanilla Grass, Holy Grass [M, R, We, Wo] {G4, S1, E}

*"Holcus lanatus" L. - Velvet Grass [Wo]

*"Leersia virginica" Willd. - White Grass [Wo]

*"Lolium perenne" L. - Perennial ryegrass [Wo]

*"Microstegium vimineum" (Trin.) A. Camus - Japanese Stilt Grass [EU]

*"Miscanthus sinensis" Andersson - Chinese silver grass, Eulalia [Wo]

*"Muhlenbergia frondosa" (Poiret) Fernald - Wirestem Muhly [M, Wo]

*"Muhlenbergia mexicana" (L.) Trin. - Satin Grass, Wire-stem Muhly [R]

*"Muhlenbergia schreberi" J.F. Gmelin - Nimblewill [Wo]

*"Muhlenbergia sobolifera" (Muhl.) Trin. - Branched Muhly [R]

*"Panicum capillare" L. - Old Witch Grass [M, Wo]

*"Panicum dichotomiflorum" Michx. - Spreading Witch Grass [Wo]

*"Panicum philadelphicum" Bernh. - Wood Witch Grass [Wo]

*"Panicum verrucosum" Muhl. - Warty Panic Grass [R]

*"Panicum virgatum" L. - Switchgrass

*"Paspalum laeve" Michx. - Smooth Paspalum [Wo]

*"Phalaris arundinacea" L. - Reed canary grass [Wo]

*"Phleum pratense" L. - Timothy-grass [M, R, Wo]

*"Poa annua" L. - Annual Meadow-grass, Spear grass [Wo]

*"Poa compressa" L. - Canada Bluegrass [M, R, Wo]

*"Poa languida" A. Hitch. - Weak Speargrass [M] {G3, SU}

*"Poa palustris" L. - Fowl Meadow-grass [M] {G5, SH}

*"Poa pratensis" L. - Kentucky Bluegrass, Smooth Meadow-grass [R, Wo]

*"Poa trivialis" L. - Rough-stalked Bluegrass [M, Wo]

*"Schizachyrium scoparium" Michx. Nash - Little Bluestem [F, M, We, Wo]

*"Setaria faberi" Herrm. - Faber's Foxtail [Wo]

*"Setaria geniculata" (Lam.) Beauv. - Knotroot Bristle-grass [M, Wo]

*"Setaria glauca" (L.) P. Beauv. - Yellow Foxtail [M, Wo]

*"Setaria viridis" (L.) Beauv. - Green Foxtail [R, We, Wo]

*"Sorghastrum nutans" Nash - Indian Grass [M, R, We, Wo]

*"Sorghum halepense" (L.) Pers. - Johnson Grass [Wo]

*"Sphenopholis obtusata" (Michx.) Scribn. - Prairie Wedge-grass [M, R, Wo]

*"Sphenopholis obtusata" (Michx.) Scribn. var. "major" (Torr.) K.S. Erdman - [M, R, Wo]

*"Sphenopholis pensylvanica" (L.) A. Hitchc. - Swamp-oats [Wo] {G4, S1, T}

*"Sporobolus vaginaeflorus" (Torr.) Wood - Poverty Grass [R, Wo]

*"Tridens flavus" (L.) A. Hitchc. - Purple-top [We, Wo]

*"Tripsacum dactyloides" (L.) L. - Eastern Gamma-grass [We]

*"Vulpia octoflora" (Walter) Rydb. - Six-weeks Fescue [Wo] ----

Typhaceae (Cat-tail Family)

*"Typha latifolia" L. - Broad-leaf Cat-tail [We] ----

References

*"Ongoing Survey List of Plants of Soldier's Delight." [http://home.comcast.net/~ed_uebel/SD_plants.html]

*Brown, Melvin L. and Russell G. Brown. 1984. "Herbaceous Plants of Maryland." Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1127 pages.

*Davis, Charles A. 2004. "List of Plants of Soldier's Delight." (Unpublished).

* [F] Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein and Barbara Tufty. 1995. "Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area." The Johns Hopskins University Press, Baltimore and London, 312 pages.

*Gleason, Henry A., and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. "Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada." (Second Edition) The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 910 pages.

*Google Hybrid Map. 2006. Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center. [http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&t=h&om=0&z=18&ll=39.410062,-76.838945&spn=0.001127,0.002425]

*Holmgren, Noel H. 1998. "Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada." The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 937 pages.

*Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2003. "Explanation of Rank and Status Codes." [http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rank_status.pdf]

*Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2004. "Current and Historical Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland." [http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rte04baltco.pdf]

* [M] Monteferrante, Frank. 1973. "A Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland." Towson State College, Towson, Maryland.

* [R] Reed, Clyde F. 1984. "Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations." Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland.

* [We] Wennerstrom, Jack. 1995. "Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem." University of Pittsburg Press, Pittsburg and London, 247 pages.

* [Wo] Worthley, Elmer G. 1955-1985. "List of Plants of Soldier's Delight." Unpublished.

Other Lists of Plants from Soldiers Delight (and Maryland).

Wildflowers of Soldiers Delight

Woody Plants of Soldiers Delight

Ferns of Soldiers Delight

Lichens of Soldiers Delight

Lichens of Maryland