Carcosa

Carcosa is a fictional city in the Ambrose Bierce short story "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1891). In Bierce's story, the ancient and mysterious city is barely described, and is viewed only in hindsight (after its destruction) by a character who once lived there.

Its name may be derived from the medieval city of Carcassonne in southern France, whose Latin name was "Carcaso".

The King in Yellow

The city was later used more extensively in Robert W. Chambers' book of horror short stories published in 1895 entitled "The King in Yellow". Chambers had read Bierce's work and had also borrowed a few other names (including Hali and Hastur) from Bierce's work.

In Chambers' stories, and within the apocryphal play (also titled "The King in Yellow") which is mentioned several times within them, the city is a mysterious, ancient, and possibly cursed place. The most precise description of its location given is that it said to be located on the shores of Lake Hali in the Hyades. The descriptions given of it, however, make it clear that it must be located on another planet, or possibly even in another universe.

For instance:

:Along the shore the cloud waves break,:The twin suns sink behind the lake,:The shadows lengthen::In Carcosa.::Strange is the night where black stars rise,:And strange moons circle through the skies,:But stranger still is::Lost Carcosa.::Songs that the Hyades shall sing,:Where flap the tatters of the King,:Must die unheard in::Dim Carcosa.::Song of my soul, my voice is dead,:Die thou, unsung, as tears unshed:Shall dry and die in::Lost Carcosa.::—"Cassilda's Song" in "The King in Yellow" Act 1, Scene 2

Associated names

"Lake Hali" is a misty lake found near the city of Carcosa. In the fictional play "The King in Yellow" (obliquely described by author Robert W. Chambers in the anthology of short stories of the same title), the mysterious cities of Yhtill ["Yhtill" is the name of the city where "The King is Yellow" is set. In post-Chambers writings, the word means "stranger" the language of Alar (a city in the play) and is the name used by the character wearing the "Pallid Mask". (Harms, "Yhtill", "The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana", p. 341; cf. "The Repairer of Reputation", Chambers.)] and Carcosa stand beside the lake. As with Carcosa, it is referenced in the Cthulhu Mythos stories of Lovecraft and his imitators.

The name Hali apparently originated in Ambrose Bierce's "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1891) in which Hali is the author of a quote which prefaces the story. It is possible that the Hali referred to is the Urdu poet Maulana HaliFact|date=February 2007. The narrator of the story implies that the person named Hali is now dead (at least in the timeline of the story).

Several other, nearly undescribed places are alluded to in Chambers' writing, among them Hastur, Yhtill, and Aldebaran. "Aldebaran" may refer to the star Aldebaran, likely as it is also associated with the mention of the Hyades star cluster, with which it shares space in the night sky. The Yellow Sign, described as a symbol not of any terrestrial language, is supposed to originate from the same place as Carcosa.

One other name associated is "Demhe" and its "cloudy depths" - this has never been explained either by Chambers or any famous pastiche-writer and so we do not know what or who exactly "Demhe" is.

In some reference materials it is implied that the extraterrestrial lake Hali is not in fact composed of water, but of a gas such as air rendered semi-liquid due to the low temperature of its world (or for more inexplicable reasons). August Derleth's system of elemental attributions for the entities of the Mythos associates Hastur, the inhabitant of Hali, with the element of Air, and this "lake of vapor" may be an attempt to establish the connection.

Other appearances

Later writers, including H. P. Lovecraft and his many admirers, became great fans of Chambers' work and incorporated the name of Carcosa into their own stories, set in the Cthulhu Mythos. In the stories of August Derleth and a few others Carcosa is the residence of Hastur, identified as a Great Old One rather than a location. Occasionally, Hastur will alter reality and merge parts of Earth into Carcosa, usually bringing along unwilling people as well.

In the short story "More Light", in which James Blish presented his version of a complete text of the play "The King in Yellow", Carcosa was described as having four singularities: that it appeared overnight, that no one could tell whether it sat upon the waters of Lake Hali or beyond them on the unseen farther shore, that the rising moon appeared to be in front of the city's towers rather than behind them, and that one knew the city's name to be Carcosa the moment one looked upon it. In Blish's version, Carcosa was created as a city of exile for the King in Yellow, because he was not "king in Aldebaran".

John Tynes significantly expanded the mythology of Chambers' Carcosa in a series of novellas, Broadalbin [cite book
last = Tynes
first = John
title = Broadalbin
publisher = Armitage House
year = 1995 ] , Ambrose [cite book
last = Tynes
first = John
title = Ambrose
publisher = Armitage House
year = 1996 ] , and Sosostris [cite book
last = Tynes
first = John
title = Sosostris
publisher = Armitage House
year = 2000 ] , and essays in issue 1 of The Unspeakable Oath [cite web
url= http://www.tccorp.com/pagan/pp_tuo1.html#Hali
title= The Road to Hali
accessdate= 2008-06-20
last= Tynes
first= John
year= 1990
month= December
work= The Unspeakable Oath
publisher= Pagan Publishing] and in Delta Green.

Marion Zimmer Bradley also used the name Carcosa for a city on her fictional planet Darkover. According to her, this usage and the appearance of other distinctive names from Chambers' work dated from her own youthful fascination with "The King in Yellow" and her ambitions to produce her own reconstruction of the play on the basis of the fragments in Chambers' works. Only later did she transform those early fantasy writings into science fiction by relocating them from a parallel earth to a distant world under a red sun.

Paul Edwin Zimmer also used Carcosa as the home of Istvan Divega - the great sword master in his "Dark Border" series, and a powerful race of benevolent beings known as the Hasturs. The series is set in a world where an ancient evil has been fenced in by mystic barriers maintained and watched over by the 'Hasturs'.

David Drake uses Carcosa as the name of one of the isles in his Lord Of The Isles series. The Yellow King is also referenced throughout the series and in fact, makes an appearance in Mirror of Worlds.

The album Dim Carcosa by Ancient Rites is named after this city.

Publishers using the name Carcosa

Two different publishers have used the name Carcosa.

Carcosa House

Carcosa House was a science fiction specialty publishing firm formed by Frederick B. Shroyer, a boyhood friend of T. E. Dikty, and two Los Angeles science fiction fans, Russell Hodgkins and Paul Sketers in 1947. Shroyer had secured a copy of the original newspaper appearance of the novel "Edison's Conquest of Mars" by Garrett P. Serviss which he wished to publish. Shroyer talked Hodgkins and Sketers into going in on shares to form the publisher which issued the Serviss book in 1947. Dikty offered advice, and William L. Crawford of F.P.C.I. helped with production and distribution. Carcosa House announced one other book, "Enter Ghost: A Study in Weird Fiction", by Sam Russell, but due to slow sales of the Serviss book, it was never published.

Works published by Carcosa House

* "Edison's Conquest of Mars", by Garrett P. Serviss (1947)

Carcosa

Carcosa was a specialty publishing firm formed by David Drake, Karl Edward Wagner, and Jim Groce who were concerned that Arkham House would cease publication after the death of its founder, August Derleth. Carcosa was founded in North Carolina in 1973 and put out four collections of pulp horror stories, all edited by Wagner. A fifth collection was planned, "Death Stalks the Night", by Hugh B. Cave; Lee Brown Coye was working on illustrating it when he died, causing Carcosa to abandon the project. The book was eventually published by Fedogan & Bremer. The Carcosa colophon depicts the silhouette of a towered city in front of three moons.

Awards

*1976, World Fantasy Award, Special Award - Non-Professional to Karl Edward Wagner, David Drake & Jim Groce for Carcosa [cite web
last =
first =
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coauthors =
title = 1976 World Fantasy Award Winners and Nominees
work =
publisher = World Fantasy Convention
date =
url = http://www.worldfantasy.org/awards/1976.html
format =
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accessdate = 2008-04-05 ] .

Works published by Carcosa

* "Worse Things Waiting", by Manly Wade Wellman (1973)
* "Far Lands, Other Days", by E. Hoffmann Price (1975)
* "Murgunstrumm and Others", by Hugh B. Cave (1977)
* "Lonely Vigils", by Manly Wade Wellman (1981)

Notes

References

*cite book | last=Chalker | first=Jack L. | authorlink=Jack L. Chalker | coauthors=Mark Owings | title=The Science-Fantasy Publishers: A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998 | location=Westminster, MD and Baltimore | publisher=Mirage Press, Ltd.| pages=136-139| date=1998
*cite book|last=Harms|first=Daniel|title=The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana|edition=2nd ed.|publisher=Chaosium|location=Oakland, CA|year=1998|id=ISBN 1-56882-119-0