John C. Tidball

Infobox Military Person
name=John Caldwell Tidball
born= birth date|1825|1|25
died= death date and age|1906|5|15|1825|1|25
placeofburial= West Point Cemetery


caption=Captain John C. Tidball, 1862, Library of Congress
placeofbirth=near Wheeling, West Virginia
placeofdeath=Montclair, New Jersey
allegiance=flagicon|United States United States of America
branch= United States Army
serviceyears=1848–1889
rank= Brigadier General
commands=4th New York Heavy Artillery U. S. Horse Artillery Brigade District of Alaska
battles=Second Seminole War American Civil War
*Battle of Gettysburg
*Battle of the Wilderness
other work=author

John Caldwell Tidball (January 25, 1825 – May 15, 1906) was a career military officer, noted for his service in the horse artillery in the cavalry in the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he served as the Commander of the Department of Alaska (in effect, the governor of the region).

Early life and ante-bellum career

Tidball was born near Wheeling, West Virginia, and grew up on a farm in eastern Ohio. He graduated tenth in the United States Military Academy Class of 1848, and entered the United States Army as a brevet second lieutenant in Company E of the 3rd U.S. Artillery. Commissioned in March 1849, he transferred to Company M of the 2nd U.S. Artillery. Promoted in March 1853, he transferred again, to Company B of the 2nd. He served in the Florida hostilities against the Seminoles, and accompanied an exploring expedition to California in 1853–54. In 1859 he was sent on the expedition to Harper's Ferry to suppress John Brown's raid.

Civil War

Tidball served all through the Civil War, being brevetted five timesfor gallant and meritorious conduct on the field, and being complimented personally by President Abraham Lincoln for his work at the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was in command of the Second Brigade Horse Artillery under Alfred Pleasonton. He served in most of the major campaigns in the Eastern Theater, from the First Battle of Bull Run through the Siege of Petersburg.

At the outbreak of hostilities, he ranked as a first lieutenant and section chief in Captain William F. Barry's Company A, Second U.S. Artillery. After Barry's promotion, Tidball was promoted to captain and became the company commander. Tidball served with his "flying" battery as part of the famed U.S. Horse Artillery Brigade from its inception in 1861 until June 1863. With slow advancement in the ranks of the regular United States Army (especially in the artillery branch), Tidball sought higher responsibilities elsewhere, by accepting a commission in the U.S. Volunteers.

He was appointed colonel of the 4th New York Artillery in August 1863, and commanded the artillery of the II Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Overland Campaign, including the Battle of the Wilderness. He was commandant of cadets at West Point from July through September 1864, and then returned to the field, leading the artillery of the IX Corps from October 1864 until April 1865 in the Appomattox Campaign. He became a brigadier general of volunteers and a brevet major general in 1865.

Postbellum career

After the war, Tidball was in active service in the Regular Army for forty more years, and was assigned to almost every army post from Alaska to Texas. He was the first Governor of Alaska, and lived there for six years. He was Commandant at West Point for many years, and was Commandant at the Artillery School at Fort Monroe in Virginia, and reorganized and brought that institution to a high state of perfection. When he retired, he was regarded as the Army's premier artillerist. His 1879 instruction book, "Manual Of Heavy Artillery Service", served for decades as the army's guidebook to artillery strategy and operations.

Personal Life

John C. Tidball married twice. His first wife, Mary Hunt Davis (d. 1857), was the daughter of Lieutenant Jackman Davis (d. 1828), USMA Class of 1814. The two were married May 27, 1853, and had three children together: Virginia (1855 – 1856), John Satterlee (b. 1856), and Walton Caldwell (1857 – 1896). Mary died of complications after Walton’s birth, in 1857. His second wife, Mary Langdon “Mamie” Dana (ca. 1845 – 1892), was the daughter of Major General Napoleon J. T. Dana. General Dana, only three years older than Tidball (and six ahead of him at West Point, graduating with the USMA Class of 1842), first opposed the match, given the 20 years difference in age and life experience, but eventually consented, due to Tidball’s excellent reputation and the couple’s obvious affection. John and Mamie were married March 19, 1870, and built a family of their own: Sue Dana (b. 1871), Alfred Dana (b. 1872), Nora Langdon (b. 1873), and twins Mabel and William (b. 1875).

He died at the age of 81 in his residence in Montclair, New Jersey, and was buried in the cemetery at West Point.

Memoirs

John C. Tidball’s memoirs, yet unpublished but heavily excerpted in Eugene Tidball’s 2002 biography ("No Disgrace to My Country"), are a treasure trove of information. They are filled with colorful descriptions and his impressions of his more famous contemporaries, many of whom he described as “genuine army characters.” Through these writings, one can learn a great deal about John C. Tidball, along with the personalities he so brilliantly described:

Ambrose E. Burnside

Tidball served with Burnside at his first duty station after graduation from West Point. Burnside was among the other young officers who had just returned from the war with Mexico:

“He had naturally a swaggering way which caused all such affections to set gracefully upon him. He was, besides, a handsome fellow with a personality that attracted attention upon all occasions; and his rollicking, off-hand effrontery carried him through with applause where one of less assurance would have been a mere figurehead. His manly proportions and devil-may-car airishness were attractive to women, and aroused in them that admiration for masculine qualities so natural to the female sex. Always jolly and willing, he was an ideal companion among men. His rollicking songs and jovial stories awakened the dullest to rapture. Free and easy in manner and with but little regard for the nicer conventionalities of society he floated along, light hearted and gay, upon the flood tide of enjoyment, seemingly regardless of what the ebb might have in store for him. The very abandon with which he threw himself into whatever was going on exercised a captivating influence and caused him to be sought as one who could always be relied on to give animation to any occasion… (his) trick of self-abnegation seemed not only to help him along but to cover over shortcomings, as it did when dismal failure followed many of his enterprises… There was no one like Burnside.”

Thomas Jonathan Jackson

Tidball and Jackson were assigned to the same company in the Corps of Cadets at West Point. They were of similar backgrounds, were both Presbyterian, were from the same section of Virginia (what is now West Virginia), and each spent most of their cadet careers as non-rank-holding cadet privates:

“In consequence of a somewhat shambling, awkward gait, and the habit of carrying his head down in a thoughtful attitude, he seemed less of stature than he really was. His features, without being homely, were rather strongly marked. He had bluish gray eyes and a somewhat sallow complexion, but which inclined to ruddiness upon exercise or from blushing, a habit he was much given to from excessive diffidence. His nose, long and thin, and his forehead, broad and angular, were his most characteristic features. Being an intense student, his mind appeared to be constantly preoccupied, and he seldom spoke to anyone unless he was spoken to, and then his voice was thin and feminine – almost squeaky – while his utterances were quick, jerky, and sententious, but when once made were there ended; there was no repetition or amending; no hypothesis or observation to lead to further observation. When a jocular remark occurred in his hearing he smiled as though he understood and enjoyed it, but never ventured comment to promote further mirth. There were occasions, as I observed, when his actions appeared strangely affected; as, for instance, when a drenching shower caught sections returning from recitations, of the shelter to the barracks, Jackson would continue his march, solemnly, at the usual pace, deviating neither to the right nor to the left. This, and other things like it, I saw him do time and time again, showing a design to it; but what that design was he alone appeared to know, for no one bothered themselves to discover it or did more than to remark, See Old Jackson!” He was never a cadet officer; he was too ungainly for that, or rather had nothing of that military élan about him to point him out for such preferment. He was, as Ephraim was, “like a cake unturned,” which, I presume, was only the biblical way of saying he was a diamond in the rough.

"Having such a great captain as Lee over him we are left in doubt as to what would have been his ability if himself in chief command. However much the southern mind may be divided as to whether Beauregard, or Joe Johnston or Lee were the greater of their generals, one thing is certain: they all unite in worshiping the memory of “Stonewall” Jackson , and the entire world joins them in admiration of his wonderful career.”

Robert E. Lee

Tidball found himself among future Confederate heroes Robert E. Lee and J.E.B. Stuart during the suppression of John Brown’s raid, in October 1859. He was, apparently, impressed with Lee:

“He was then in the prime of mature manhood, being fifty-two years of age. With a fine masculine figure, perfect in every proportion, he had a handsome, manly face. Altogether, he was a perfect specimen of manhood. The dignity of his bearing, devoid as it was of all arrogance or affectation, arrested the attention of all who came within his influence. The affability of his manners made him approachable and agreeable under all conditions. He was exceedingly punctilious in points of etiquette, and I well recall that although we officers were quartered around in the buildings in the most inconvenient places, he took special pains to seek us all out and make a friendly call upon each one. His pleasing manners put everyone at ease, and his conversation was gentle and mild. Although scrupulously particular in dress and personal neatness, he had none of the airs of foppishness about him.”

John B. Magruder

Tidball served with him in the Old Army, and said of Magruder’s nickname “Prince John” that the moniker was “in consequence of his grandiose pretensions and his general qualities of affection”:

“In this sense he was indeed a remarkable man. It was with him an inborn trait cultivated to the highest degree. Even as a cadet at West Point it cropped forth and made him conspicuous, as a leader in the toney set. Being a lieutenant in the army, he at once branched forth, assuming all the dashing qualities that are supposed to be appropriate to one holding this position. His assurance made him a leader among his brother officers, and being perfectly reckless in money matters he laid tribute upon everyone that came under his influence, not simply by borrowing without ever repaying, but by his insinuating way of leading them into all matter of extravagance for the purpose of style and show. Entertainments were his strong point, and for this purpose he induces the officers of his regiment to contribute from the pitiful stipend they then received as pay to the purchases of a gorgeous set of regimental mess silver, and he introduced mess jackets of a showy pattern in which to dine.”

Matthew Fontaine Maury

While assigned to the Coastal Survey office, Tidball had the delicate responsibility of dealing with Maury and his Naval Observatory as an outsider, subject to inter-service and inter-departmental rivalry:

“Between Maury, superintendent of the Observatory, and (Alexander Dallas) Bache, Superintendent of the Coast Survey, an irrepressible conflict was growing as to how far seaward the Coast Survey should extend its works. Maury was reaping harvests of renown for the compilation of his wind and current charts and was beginning to feel that the entire Atlantic was his special reserve upon which he would not tolerate any poaching.”

William Tecumseh Sherman

Tidball served as one of Sherman’s aides-de-camp during Sherman’s postwar term as general-in-chief of the U.S. Army. It is clear that Tidball greatly admired – almost worshiped – his commander:

“General Sherman’s name and fame being known throughout the civilized world, he was at all times a person of great interest to all, especially that swarm of people who, from far and near visit Washington City purely out of curiosity to see the sights to be found only in the nation’s capital. He was one of those sights. …There was no form or ceremony in their coming or going. He did not hedge himself about with rules requiring such things nor did those about him endeavor to give importance to their positions by pretending to be his keeper. ...With strangers – in fact with all – he was noted for the directness of his questions, and this led at once to familiar conversation, in which he always took the lead, thus enabling him to soon discover all that was worthy of being known about his visitor. Seldom did anyone leave disappointed in his interview with him.

“Among his visitors was a large sprinkling of veterans… He did not of course know, even by name, one out of a thousand of these men, but a pointed inquiry as to what organization his caller had belonged at once placed him in possession of all the facts necessary… His mind was a perfect cyclopedia as to organizations and the services they performed. Rattling along in his conversations he soon told the old soldier more of the part he had played in the war than he had ever known before. This of course won the heart(s) of the old veteran(s). There was no art or affectation in this...

“To his lady visitors he was always gallant, yet never descending to fulsome compliments or nonsensical twaddle. Under no conditions did he resort to double entendres to feather his wit or to convey thoughts improper for open expression. He was exceedingly fond of the society of ladies, and took as much delight in dancing and such pleasures as a youth just entering manhood, and with them he was as much a lion as he was a hero with his old soldiers.”

George H. Thomas

Tidball met Thomas during the early days of his career. As with Burnside, Tidball looked on the Mexican War veteran Thomas with the awe of a new recruit:

"I was attracted to him by the fatherly interest he seemed to take in me, and got (from) him many hints that I found most sound and practical in my subsequent career as an officer. The quality of kindness which he possessed to such a high degree, I afterwards discovered was not strained in him, but was an endowment of his manly nature.”

Promotion Record

* Cadet, U.S. Military Academy, July 1, 1844
* Graduate (11th in the Class), U.S. Military Academy, July 1, 1848
* Brevet Second Lieutenant, U.S. Army, July 1, 1848
* Assigned to Company (Battery) E, 3rd U.S. Artillery
* Commissioned Second Lieutenant, U.S. Army, February 14, 1849
* Assigned to Company M, 2nd U.S. Artillery
* First Lieutenant, Company B, 2nd U.S. Artillery, March 31, 1853
* Captain, Company A, 2nd U.S. Artillery, May 14, 1861
* Brevet Major, U.S. Army, June 27, 1862, for gallant and meritorious service during the battle of Gaines Mill
* Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army, September 17, 1862, for gallantry and meritorious service during the battle of Antietam
* Colonel, 4th New York Artillery (U.S. Volunteers), August 28, 1863
* Brevet Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers, August 1, 1864, for gallantry and meritorious service during the battles of Po (at the Po River), Spotsylvania Court House, and Petersburg
* Brevet Colonel, U.S. Army, March 13, 1865, for gallantry and meritorious service during the battle of Fort Stedman
* Brevet Brigadier General, U.S. Army, March 13, 1865, for gallantry and meritorious service in the field during the Rebellion
* Brevet Major General, U.S. Volunteers, April 2, 1865, for gallantry and meritorious service during the battles of Ft. Stedman and Ft. Sedgwick
* Mustered out of U.S. Volunteers, September 26, 1865
* Major, 2nd U.S. Artillery, February 5, 1867
* Colonel of Staff, January 1, 1881 – February 8, 1884, while serving as aide-de-camp to General William T. Sherman
* Lieutenant Colonel, 3rd U.S. Artillery, June 30, 1882
* Colonel, 1st U.S. Artillery, March 2, 1885
* Retired, January 25, 1889

ee also

References

* "New York Times", May 16, 1906.
* Heitman, Francis B., "Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, From its Organization, September 29, 1789 to March 2, 1903", Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1903.
* "American Memory: Selected Civil War Photographs". Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. Washington, D.C.
* "Register of Graduates and Former Cadets of the United States Military Academy". West Point, NY: West Point Alumni Foundation, Inc., 1970.
* U.S. War Department. "The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies", U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

External links

*findagrave|5956012 Retrieved on 2008-02-12
* [http://www.gettysburg.edu/special_collections/collections/manuscripts/collections/ms021.dot John C. Tidball Papers at Gettysburg College]

Further reading

* Tidball, Eugene, "No Disgrace to My Country: The Life of John C. Tidball". Kent State University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780873387224.

Persondata
NAME= Tidball, John C.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Union army general
DATE OF BIRTH= January 25, 1825
PLACE OF BIRTH= Wheeling, West Virginia
DATE OF DEATH= May 15, 1906
PLACE OF DEATH= Montclair, New Jersey