Earl of Angus

The Mormaer or Earl of Angus was the ruler of the medieval Scottish province of Angus. The title, in the Peerage of Scotland, is currently held by the Duke of Hamilton.

History

Mormaers

Angus is one of the oldest attested Mormaerdoms, with the earliest attested Mormaer, Dubacan of Angus, known to have lived in the early 10th century, as recorded in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba. Despite this, the Mormaers of Angus are among the most obscure of all. After the death of Mormaer Maol Chaluim, in probably about 1240, the Mormaerdom passed through his daughter to Gilbert de Umfraville.

Angus was, according to the doubtful and legendary text de Situ Albanie, one of the seven original mormaerdoms of the Pictish kingdom of Alba, said to have been occupied by seven brothers, of whom Angus (Oengus) was the eldest. The Gaelic male line ended with Matilda (fl. 1240), countess of Angus in her own right, who married, in 1243, Gilbert de Umfraville.

Stewart earls

John Stewart of Bonkyll, Berwickshire, obtained the title Earl of Angus in a new line after the forfeiture of the de Umfraville line, though the latter family continued to use the title in England. This Stewart line ended with Margaret Stewart, countess of Angus in her own right, and widow of Thomas, Earl of Mar.

Douglas earls

As a result of an illicit affair with her brother in law, William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas (married to the sister of her husband), Margaret Stewart, Countess of Mar and Angus, became the mother of George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus (c. 1380–1403), and secured a charter of her estates for her son, to whom in 1389 the title was granted by King Robert II. He was taken prisoner at Homildon Hill in 1402, and died in captivity in England. Archibald "Bell-the-Cat" (1453–1514) the powerful adversary of James III, was his great-grandson.

William Douglas (1589–1660) 11th Earl of Angus, was created Marquess of Douglas in 1633. He resigned the title of Earl of Angus, having it recreated with the marquessate, so he was the 1st Earl of Angus in the new creation. He outlived his son Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus (c.1609–1655) and was succeeded by Archibald's son James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (1646–1699). James' son and heir Archibald Douglas was created Duke of Douglas, Marquess of Angus and Abernethy, Viscount of Jedburgh Forest, and Lord Douglas of Bonkill, Prestoun and Robertoun on 10 April 1703. He died without leaving an heir and the titles acquired with the dukedom became extinct. All his other titles devolved to his distant cousin the 7th Duke of Hamilton, whose descendents hold them still.

Mormaers/early Earls of Angus

? Indrechtach?, fl. early 10th century Dubacan, d. 937  ? Cuncar, fl. mid-10th century  ? Gille Brigte, fl. 1150 Adam, fl. 1189

Gille Críst, ?–1206 Donnchadh, 1206–1214 Maol Choluim, 1214–1240 Matilda (or Maud) m. Gilbert de Umfraville, jure uxoris Earl of Angus Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus (Earl: 1246–1307) Robert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus (Earl: 1307–c. 1314 (forfeit); d. 1325) Gilbert de Umfraville (d. 1381)

Earls of Angus, Stewart line (1329)

• John Stewart, 1st Earl of Angus (d. 1331)
• Thomas Stewart, 2nd Earl of Angus (d. 1361)
• Margaret Stewart, Countess of Angus and Mar (d. 1417) (resigned earldom in 1389)
• Thomas, Earl of Mar suo jure uxoris Earl of Angus (d. 1374)

Earls of Angus, Douglas line (1389)

• George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus (1378–1402)
• William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus (c. 1398–1437)
• James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus (b. 1428–1446)
• George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus (b. 1429–1462)
• Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus (1453–1514)
  • George Douglas, Master of Angus (1469–1513)
• Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (1490–1557)
• David Douglas, 7th Earl of Angus (c. 1515–1558)
• Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus (1556–1588)
• William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus (1533–1591)
• William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus (1552–1611)
• William Douglas, 11th Earl of Angus (1590–1660), (created Marquess of Douglas in 1633, when he resigned the earldom, which was regranted with the marquessate)

Marquises of Douglas (1633)

(after 1633 the Earldom of Angus became a courtesy title used by the eldest son of the Marquis of Douglas)

• William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas (1590–1660)
• James Douglas, 2nd Marquis of Douglas (1646–1700)
  • James Douglas, Earl of Angus (1671–1692)
• Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas (1694–1761) (created Duke of Douglas in 1703) (dukedom extinct on his death, earldom and marquessate inherited by James Douglas-Hamilton, 7th Duke of Hamilton)

For later Earls of Angus and Marquises of Douglas, see Duke of Hamilton

Bibliography

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• Roberts, John L., Lost Kingdoms: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages, (Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 53–4

External links

• Chronicle of the Kings of Alba