Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld'

Infobox Cultivar | name = "Ulmus × hollandica"
hybrid = "U. glabra" × "U. minor"
cultivar = 'Groeneveld'

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image_caption = 'Groeneveld', Brighton, UK
origin = Netherlands "Ulmus × hollandica" 'Groeneveld' was cloned in 1949 and released in 1960 alongside 'Commelin' in response to the earlier, less virulent form of Dutch elm disease that afflicted Europe shortly after the First World War Burdekin, D. A. & Rushforth, K. D. (Revised by Webber J. F. 1996). Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease. "Arboricultural Research Note" 2/96. Arboricultural Advisory and Information Service, Alice Holt, Farnham, UK.] Santamour, F. S., & Bentz, S. E. (1995). Updated checklist of elm (Ulmus) cultivars for use in North America. "Journal of Arboriculture", 21(3): May, 1995. ] . The cultivar was derived from a crossing of an English Wych Elm "U. glabra" and a French Smooth-leaved Elm "U. minor" subsp. "minor".

Description

The tree produces a dense, upswept growth that initially made it popular as a street tree in the Netherlands White, J. & More, D. (2002). "Trees of Britain & Northern Europe". Cassell's, London.] . The leaves are < 90 mm long by 40 mm broad, arranged in clusters on short branchlets.

Pests and diseases

'Groeneveld' has good resistance to Coral-spot fungus "Nectria cinnabarina" but, like all the other Dutch hybrids released before 1989, it proved to have only marginal resistance to the later, virulent form of Dutch elm disease and consequently planting is no longer recommended Heybroek, H. M. (1964). "Plant Disease Rep." 48: 187-189, 1964, transl. by F. W. Holmes.] Heybroek, H. M. (1993). The Dutch Elm Breeding Program. In Sticklen & Sherald (Eds.) (1993). "Dutch Elm Disease Research", Chapter 3. Springer Verlag, New York, USA] .

Cultivation

'Groeneveld' was also introduced elsewhere in Europe, including Britain, in small numbers. The tree was planted in trials [http://www.netspace.net.au/~stephenf/Resistant_Elms.html] in Canberra, Australia started in 1988, but has not shown promise in that environment so far; it has however proved popular in New Zealand.

Accessions

North America

*Holden Arboretum acc. no. 70-127
*Morton Arboretum acc. no. 76-72

Europe

*Brighton & Hove City Council, UK,NCCPG Elm Collection [http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042] , UK champion: Stanmer Park, 18 m high, 53 cm d.b.h. in 2002 Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). "Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland". Whittet Press, ISBN 9781873580615] .
*Royal Botanic Garden Wakehurst Place acc. no. 1975-6125
*Sir Harold Hillier Gardens acc. no. 1977.6442

Nurseries

Europe

*Bellwood Trees, Meigle, Perthshire, Scotland, UK. [http://www.bellwoodtrees.com/index.php]
*De Reebock [http://www.dereebock.be] , Zwalm, Belgium.
*Westerveld Boomkwekerij B.V. [http://www.westerveldbv.nl/] , Opheusden, Netherlands.

Australasia

*Productive Trees Ltd. [http://www.productive-trees.co.nz] , Paeroa, Waikato, New Zealand.

References