Public housing in Puerto Rico

Public housing in Puerto Rico is a subsidized system of housing units, mostly consisting of housing projects ("Residenciales" in Spanish), which are provided for low-income and impoverished families in Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States. The system is mainly financed with federally funded programs from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

History

Puerto Rico's Department of Housing, created in the 1970s, succeeded the Urban Renewal and Housing Corporation, or Corporación de Renovación Urbana y Vivienda (CRUV, its Spanish acronym), which was created in the late 1950s to succeed the Puerto Rico Housing Authority, created by Gov. Luis Muñoz Marín and headed by Gen. César Cordero Dávila, to consolidate several state and municipal housing agencies. Puerto Rico Housing and CRUV were responsible for the design and construction of many of the older "residenciales" in Puerto Rico. Famed architect Henry Klumb provided early support for those efforts and one of his protegés, George McClintock was the first Architect-in-Chief of Puerto Rico Housing in the early-to-mid 1950's. Among Klumb's designs are the 1945 design work for the Cataño, San Lorenzo, Lares and Aguadilla Puerto Rico Housing projects, Naranjito Public Housing Project in 1957, Comerío Public Housing Project in 1958, and Residencial Las Virtudes, designed and built between 1969 ad 1976. Klumb had previously done work for several municipal housing agencies, including Mayagüez' and Ponce's.

José Enrique Arrarás was the first Secretary of Housing in 1973, appointed by Gov. Rafael Hernández Colón.

Organization

Operating funds are provided by HUD for tenant rent subsidizing and for the construction, acquisition, maintenance, and operations of public housing projects, which are in turn administered by several entities throughout the island called "Public Housing Agencies" (PHAs). The main Public Housing Agency in Puerto Rico is the Public Housing Administration (Administración de Vivienda Pública, or AVP, in Spanish) under the Puerto Rico Department of Housing (Departamento de Vivienda in Spanish). Other Public Housing Agencies include certain municipalities which are authorized by HUD and commonwealth law to operate housing projects independent of the main state PHA. All PHAs can contract a "Management Agent" (usually a for-profit enterprise) to manage day-to-day operations, including processing tenant complaints, housing unit repairs, and overall project maintenance.

HUD also allows private non-profit organizations and for-profit enterprises to manage housing projects as PHAs, offering program funding and tax incentives in order to compensate for operating costs. However, these types of public housing projects are not as common in Puerto Rico as those which are managed by the state.

The PHA is responsible for providing adequate living arrangements for program tenants, in compliance with Housing Quality Standards (HQS) set by HUD. Additionally, the PHA must manage all federal funds received in an efficient and reasonable way, in compliance with HUD prescribed guidelines and with Chapter 24 of the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Management Agents are also required to comply with these standards.

The USDA provides federal loan programs (including direct loans or loan guarantees) to PHAs for the construction of new public housing projects or acquisition of existing living complexes to convert into public projects.

Eligible tenants

The tenant rent subsidizing system allows low-income and impoverished individuals and families to reside in a subsidized housing unit just as long as their income status complies with federal regulations. Families wanting to participate must first be included in a "Waiting List", which includes all citizens applying for subsidized housing by order of application date. Families must therefore “wait until their turn” for eligibility as the PHA selects families by that order, a process which in Puerto Rico may take several years. Applicants must provide evidence of low-income status (HUD recommends a copy of a filed income tax return) and are Givennnnn a housing unit for which HUD will subsidize its rent.

Criticism

The public housing system in Puerto Rico has received much criticism both within and outside the island. Critics state that a relatively larger portion of the island’s population participates in this housing system than in the United States, because the program fosters indolence instead of progress. They argue that participants do not see the need of obtaining housing on their own, seeing as it would require obtaining additional wealth through extra work, a fact which is less appealing when considering that this additional wealth would make them ineligible for other federal assistance programs, such as the Temporary Aid for Needy Families and the Nutritional Assistance Program (PAN in Spanish). This situation has led some to state that these programs are actually incentives for low-income families in Puerto Rico to remain in their social status, while some have even gone as far as naming Puerto Rico the “Welfare Island”. [http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6980051 "Trouble on Welfare Island"] , The Economist, May 25, 2005, retrieved July 13, 2006]

Supporters of the system argue that Puerto Rico’s annual income per person is $12,000 (2004), [http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6980051 "Trouble on Welfare Island"] , The Economist, May 25, 2005, retrieved July 13, 2006] a figure which is much lower than in the United States and which explains why a relatively larger portion of the island population participates in the system. Furthermore, land values have increased dramatically within the last two decades while unemployment and inflation rates are high, making it difficult for impoverished families to obtain housing on their own.

List of public housing projects in Puerto Rico

The following is a list of public housing projects located in Puerto Rico, and includes those that are managed by the state, by municipalities, and by private non-profit and for-profit entities:

Adjuntas

*Valle Verde Housing

Aguadilla

*Jose Agustin Aponte
*Augustin Stahl -Las Muñecas
*Cuesta Vieja
*Ducos
*Montana
*Munkeai Apartments I y II
*Puerta del Sol
*Villa Nueva

Bayamon City

*La Alhambra
*Alturas de Bayamón
*El Cortijo
*Jardines de Caparra
*José Celso Barbosa ( Comandancia)
*La Alegría
*Las Gardenias
*Los Dominicos
*Los Jeannies
*Los Laureles
*Magnolia Gardens
*Monte Rey
*Rafael "Falín" Torrech
*Reparto Valencia
*San Fernando
*Sierra Linda
*Virgilio Dávila (Mafia)
*Villa del Rio
*Bella Vista Heights
*Brisas de Bayamon
*Campo Verde

Guaynabo City

*Jardines de Guaynabo
*La Rosadela ( expreso lomas verdes al lado de Barriada Melendez limita con San Juan y Bayamon ) (Los Musulmanes)
*Los Alamos ( Shopping Center)( Primera salida Pal pueblo en la Martinez Nadal) ( Los Musulmanes)
*Rafael Martinez Nadal
*Villas de Mabo
*Zenon Diaz Varcarcel
*Flambo

=Carolina City=

*Torres De Sabana ( Blin Blin)
*Sabana Abajo ( Los Caterpiller)
*Felipe Sanchez Osorio
*Los Mirtos
*Los Naranjales
*Lagos de Blasina
*Vista mar Plaza
*Alturas de Country club
*Loma Alta
*El Coral
*Las Carolinas
*Catañito Gardens
*El Faro
*La Esmeralda
*Roberto Clemente
*Row Houses
*Carolina Housing
*Monserrate Towers
*I.C.U Pegloe.

Loiza

*Yuquiyu
*San Patricio
*Castor Ayala (Brisas)
*Loiza Gardens

Trujillo Alto

*Nuestra Senora de Covadonga
*Los Rosales
*Pedro Regalado Diaz

=Caguas=

*Jose Gautier Benitez (El Castillo) (Fue filmada la pelicula Talento de Bario) ( near Consolidated Mall and Gautier benitez avenue) ( Sur de Caguas)
*Turabo Heights (TH) (Turabo Kings)( SHUFORD avenue Salida despues de la catalinas hacia el sur) ( near Plaza degetau) ( Suroeste de Caguas)
*Juan Jimenez Garcia (Near casco del Pueblo and Comandancia)
*Raul Castellon ( near Jimenez,Villa Criollo, Delgado, Pla,Torre Tokio y casco del Pueblo)
*Brisas del Turabo ( near Oscar cash and carry and Parque idelfonso solo morales, (Area Este del casco del Pueblo en la Georgetti))
*Villa del Rey 2 ( La segunda) ( se ve desde el expreso) ( Sur de Caguas)
*Jardines de Condado Moderno ( near Plaza Centro Mall) (Caguas Norte)
*Bonneville Heights ( Sur oeste de Caguas)
*Jardines de San Carlos ( Sur de Caguas)
*Torre de Tokio ( Pueblo)
*BALCONES de las Catalinas (dentro de la Barriada Morales) ( Pueblo oeste) (frente a las Catalinas Mall )
*Brisas de San Alfonso
*Almirante
*Villas de Castro Gardens (Este de Caguas)
*Villa Nueva ( sur oeste de Caguas)
*Villas las mercedes ( este de Caguas))
*Villa blanca ( Caguas Norte)
*Los flamboyanes ( Sur de Caguas)
*Myrlena
*Vistas del turabo ( Sur oeste de Caguas)
*Torre Santa Juana ( Caguas Norte)

Gurabo

*Luis del Carmen Echevarrias

Cidra

*Pracedes Santiago

Aibonito

*Leopoldo Ortiz
*Villas de la Rosa
*Golden Village
*Villa Verde

San Lorenzo

*Lorenzana
*Hato Grande

Juncos

*Colinas de Magnolia (Macdonald)
*Antulio Lopez ( home of Juanma Lopez Boxing Champion)
*Narcizo Varona

Las Piedras

*Jardines de Yudelly
*Dorilinda

Cayey

*Brisas de Cayey
*Jardines de Montellano (Grayskull)
*Luis Muñoz Morales

Guayama

*Luis Pales Matos
*Jardines Guamani
*Carioca
*Calimano

Humacao

*Antonio Roig
*Jardines del Oriente ( los Condo) ( de Caguas)
*Padre Rivera

Naguabo

*Ignacio Morales Davila ( de Caguas)
*Villa del Rio
*Torres del Rio
*Hucares 1 y 2
*Naguabo Valley

Yabucoa

*DR. Victor Berrios ( de Caguas)

Fajardo

*Veve Calzada
*Puerto Real
* Vistas del Mar
*Pedro Rosario Nieves

Canovanas

*Jesus T. Piñero

Rio Grande

*Galateo ( Los Cangris)
*Jose H. Ramirez

Luquillo

*Diego Zalduondo
*Yuquiyu
*El cemi o Alejo Figueroa

=Cataño=

*Juana Matos
*El Coquí
*Matienzo Citron
*Las Palmas
* Jardines de Cataño

Manati

*Los Murales
*Enrique Zorrilla Norma
*Brisas de Campo Alegre

Vega Alta

*El Batey
*Alturas de Monte Verde
*Las Violetas
*Francisco Vega Sanchez

Ciales

*Brisas de Ciales
*Jaguas
*Sierra Berdecia

=Hormigueros=

*Gabriel Soler Catalá

=Lares=

*Casa Castañer
*Residencial Dr. Sein

Florida

*Florida Housing
*Villas de Florida

Mayaguez City

*Columbus Landing
*Franklin D. Roosevelt
*Sabalos Gardens
*Cuesta Las Piedras
*Manuel Hernandez Rosa
*El Carmen
*Rafael Hernandez (Kennedy)
*Mar y Sol
*Ext. Sabalos Gardens
*Ramirez de Arellano
*Monte Isleño
*Jardines de Concordia
*Mayagüez Gardens
*Flamboyan Gardens
*Parque Sultana
*Mayagüez Housing
*La Arboleda
*Yagüez

San Sebastian

*Andres Mendez Liciaga

Barranquitas

*Barracas

Coamo

*San Antonio

Añasco

*Francisco Figueroa

Arecibo

*Trina Padilla
*Ramon Marin
*Ext. Zeno Gandia
*Bella Vista
*Antonio Marquez Arbona
*La Meseta
*El Cotto

Quebradillas

*Francisco Vigo Salas

=Moca=

*Moca Housing
*Jose N. Gandara

=Morovis=

*Mariví Apartments

=Ponce City=

*Las Américas Housing
*Llana-Laura Towers
*López Nussa
*Aristidez Chavier ( shopping center)
*El Monte
*Valle Alto
*Lirios del Sur (Home of Tempo)
*Enesto Ramos Antonini (Los Pampanos)
*Villa Caribe
*Silver Valley
*Copper View
*Golden View
*Tibes
*Ponce de Leon
*Rosaly
*Santiago Iglesias
*Canas
*Portugues
*Villa Machuelo
*Tormos Diego
*Ext Dr. Pila
*Villa Ponce
*La Guadalupe
*Dr. Gandara
*Los Rosales
*La Ceiba
*Villa Elena
*Ponce Housing

Juana Diaz

*Cayabo
*Tocadillo
*Kennedy
*Villas del Parque
*Leonardo Santiago
*

=San Juan Capital City =

*Las Acacias (Demolished in 2000) (Puerto de Tiera) ( Most notorius in America)
*Luis Lloréns Torres (Largest Public Housing Project in America)Verify source|date=April 2007
*Jardines de Monte Hatillo ( 65 infanteria)
*Manuel A. Perez (Mafia) (Second Largest Public Housing in America)
*Nemesio R. Canales (Near Plaza Las Americas Shopping)
*Lopez Sicardo (near Rio Pierdras University) (Mafia)
*Vista Hermosa ( Shopping Center) Suiza Dairy Neighbor ( Puerto nuevo Mafia) se ve en el tren por la parada San francisco)
*Villa España (Puerto Nuevo Near Martinez Nadal And piñero)
*Alturas de Cupey ( Los cangris)
*Las Gladiolas (Milla de Oro)
*Puerta De Tierra ( Mafia)
*Bahía
*Park Gardens
*San juan Bautista
*Park Court
*Trujillo Alto Gardens ( en Rio Piedras cerca de la colindancia de trujilo
*Juan Cesar Cordero Dávila ( Quintana) Hato Rey But near Rio Piedras University (Pedrito el muerto parao R.I.P.)
*El Trébol
*Los Flamboyanes
*El Prado ( expreso trujillo)
*Ernesto Ramos Antonini ( Puercolandia )
*Falansterio ( Primer residencial de la isla)
*Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas ( Bario Obrero)
*Jardines de Berwind ( detras de berwind) (Los Dementes)
*Jardines de Campo Rico ( en la 65 al otro lado de jardines de country)
*Jardines de Cupey ( Mafia)
*Jardines de Country Club ( 65 infanteria )
*Jardines de Guayama (Por la 65)
*Jardines Del Paraiso ( expreso trujillo)
*Jardines de la Nueva Puerta de San Juan
*Jardines de Sellés ( Al lao del prado por expreso trujillo)
*La Orquídea
*La Perla Del Caribe
*La Rosa
*Las Cumbres
*Las Dalias
*Las Margaritas (Bario obrero)
*Leopoldo Figueroa
*Los Peña ( 65 infanteria)
*Monte Park (near monte hatillo)
*Parque de San Agustín
*Jardines de Quintana (al lado de quintana)
*San Agustin
*San Antonio
*San Fernando
*San Jose
*San Martín
*Valles de Berwind atras de los edificios de berwind)
*Villa Kennedy (Home of Daddy Yankee) ( bario obrero)
*Villa Olímpica
*Litheda Heights
*brisas de cupey
*los lirios
*los laureles
*el mirador ( Bario obrero)
*jardines de cupey
*antigua via
*las amapolas
*los manantiales ( Limit with Guaynabo close to expreso lomas verdes)
*villa esperanza ( Carretera 199)
*villa andalucia

=San Sebastián=

*Villa Soigal Apartments

Dorado

*Manuel Morales

=Toa Baja=

*El Toa
*Angel E. Melecio
*Campanilla
*Villa del Sabana

Toa Alta

*Ramon Perez
*Piñas
*Jardines de San Fernando
*Sheila

=Villalba=

*Efraín Suárez
*Jardines Del Paraiso

Yauco

*Mont Blanc
*Santa Catalina
*Yauco Housing
*Barrinas

San German

*Las Lomas

Guayanilla

*Padre Nazario

Public Housing Authorities

Public Housing Authorities are government agencies designated by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development to administer federally subsidized housing units.

:"Source: [https://pic.hud.gov/pic/haprofiles/haprofilelist.asp Public Housing Agency (HA) Profiles] , US Department of Housing and Urban Development"

ee also

*Public housing
*Public housing in the United States and Canada
*Section 8 (housing)

Notes

References

*Klumb: An Architecture of Social Concern, 2006, UPR Press, ISBN 0-8477-2754-8

External links

* [http://www.hud.gov/ US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) official website]
* [http://vivienda.gobierno.pr/ Puerto Rico Department of Housing (Dept. de Vivienda) official website] es icon
* [http://www.usda.gov/ US Department of Agriculture (USDA) official website]
* [http://www.cfda.gov/ Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA)] , official website which provides information on all US domestic federal programs, including those of HUD and the USDA
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a133_compliance/06/06toc.html OMB Circular A-133] of the United States Office of Management and Budget, which provides details and insight on HUD program operations and compliance requirements.