Ulmus szechuanica

Taxobox
status = EN
name = "Ulmus szechuanica"

---

image_caption = "Ulmus szechuanica", Sir Harold Hillier Gardens
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Rosales
familia = Ulmaceae
genus = "Ulmus"
species = "U. szechuanica"
binomial = "Ulmus szechuanica"
binomial_authority = Fang
synonyms =
*Sichuan Elm Morton Arboretum
*"Ulmus erythrocarpa" W. C. Cheng

"Ulmus szechuanica" Fang, known as the Szechuan (Sichuan), or Red-fruited, Elm, is a small to medium deciduous Chinese tree found along the Yangtze river through the provinces of Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu.

Description

The tree can reach a height of 18 m, but is usually less than 10 m, with a spreading umbrella-like crown. The leaves, distinguished by their emergent red colour, are generally obovate < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, borne on branchlets with an irregular corky layer. The wind-pollinated petal-less flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed by suborbicular samarae < 16 mm by 13 mm in March Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). "China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1". Science Press, Beijing.] Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) "Flora of China", Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf] ] .

Pests and diseases

"U. szechuanica" was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, where it exhibited a resistance to Dutch elm disease. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle "Xanthogaleruca luteola" [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm] .

Cultivation

Growing best on well-drained soils,"U. szechuanica" is also cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). "Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes". International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, Sakura, Japan.] the LT50 (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be - 30 °C. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. "Journal of Arboriculture", (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA. [http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/nursery/metria/metria8/m87.pdf] ] . There are no known cultivars of this taxon, nor is it known to be available from any nurseries beyond the USA.

Hybrid cultivars

"U. szechuanica" is believed to have been used in recent (post 2000) hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. "Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177. ] but results have yet (2008) to be published.

Accessions

;North America
*Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois. 2 trees, no other details available.
*Denver Botanic Gardens, no details available
*Holden Arboretum, acc. nos. 96-179 (unknown provenance), 97-30 wild collected in China. ;Europe
*Brighton & Hove City Council, UK, NCCPG elm collection [http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042] ,
*Grange Farm, Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK, acc. no. 523
*Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, UK, acc. no. 1994.0329, one tree, 4.4 m tall in 2008, from seed from the Shanghai Botanic Garden [http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/china/shanghai/shanghai--parks-&-gardens/shanghai-botanical-gardens.html] .

Nurseries

;North America
*Sunshine Nursery [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm] , Clinton, Oklahoma.

References