For Your Eyes Only (short story collection)

Infobox Book
name = For Your Eyes Only
translator =


image_caption = First edition cover - published by Jonathan Cape.
author = Ian Fleming
cover_artist = Richard Chopping (Jonathan Cape ed.)
country = United Kingdom
language = English
series = James Bond
genre = Spy novel
publisher = Jonathan Cape
release_date = 11 April 1960
media_type = Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
pages =12345678
isbn = NA
preceded_by = Goldfinger
followed_by = Thunderball

"For Your Eyes Only" is a collection of James Bond short stories by Ian Fleming. It was first published by Jonathan Cape on April 11, 1960. It marked a change of pace for Ian Fleming, who previously had written only full-length novels featuring James Bond.

The collection contains five short stories ""From a View to a Kill"">From a View to a Kill", ""For Your Eyes Only"">For Your Eyes Only", "Quantum of Solace", ""Risico"">Risico", and ""The Hildebrand Rarity"">The Hildebrand Rarity".

The title story of the collection lent its name to the 12th official James Bond film in the EON Productions series, "For Your Eyes Only". Released in 1981, it was the fifth film to star Roger Moore as the British Secret Service agent, Commander James Bond. The film used elements and characters from the short stories "For Your Eyes Only" and "Risico" from this collection. "From a View To a Kill" lent its title to the 14th Bond film, "A View to a Kill" (1985). Plot elements from "The Hildebrand Rarity" were incorporated in the 16th Bond film, "Licence to Kill" (1989). The twenty-second Bond film, scheduled for release in 2008, is entitled "Quantum of Solace". [cite news | title = New Bond film title is confirmed | publisher = BBC News Online | date = 2008-01-24 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7206997.stm | accessdate=2008-01-24]

The title of the collection is derived from a piece of jargon often used in government circles with regards to classified information. An "Eyes Only" notification indicates either a) the information contained is for the knowledge of authorised readers only; b) information contained is not to be discussed with anyone; or both of these.

Publication overview

In 1958 CBS made an offer to Ian Fleming to write 32 episodes over a two year period for a television show based on the James Bond character. This deal came about after the success of the 1954 television episode adaptation of "Casino Royale" on the CBS television series "Climax!". Fleming agreed to the deal and began to write three outlines for the series; however, CBS later dropped the idea. Henry Chancellor's book, "James Bond: The Man and His World" claims that the deal was for 13 episodes, and that Fleming had written seven; a compilation of original and reused stories from his already published novels at the time.

In 1959 Fleming gathered his outlines and novelised them for a collection he originally titled "The Rough with the Smooth". The title was changed for publication to "For Your Eyes Only" and was also published with the subtitle "Five Secret Occasions in the Life of James Bond". In America the subtitle was changed to "Five Secret Exploits of James Bond". In later editions, the subtitle was dropped. The story "For Your Eyes Only" was originally written as the third episode in the James Bond TV series, first titled "Man's Work", later "Rough Justice" and "Death Leaves an Echo" before finally settling on "For Your Eyes Only". "Risico" (originally spelled "Risiko") and "From a View to a Kill" were two other stories from the aborted CBS television series.

Out of the five short stories included in the book, two were added in addition to the outlines Fleming had previously written for the proposed television series. The first, "The Hildebrand Rarity", was first published in "Playboy" in March 1960. It provided the character of Milton Krest for the 1989 Bond film "Licence to Kill". In the story Krest uses a stingray's tail to whip his wife, an idea that reappears in the film "Licence to Kill", though in that film the weapon is brandished by the main villain, Franz Sanchez, against his unfaithful girlfriend. The second story, "Quantum of Solace" was an experimental piece Fleming had previously written for the May 1959 issue of "Cosmopolitan" magazine. The short story has no secret agent elements. In January 2008 it was announced that Quantum of Solace would be the title of the 22nd Bond film.

"From a View to a Kill"

"From a View to a Kill" sees Bond investigating the murder of a dispatch-rider from SHAPE (central command of NATO in Europe, then located in Versailles) to his base, Station F, in Saint-Germain, France. Since Bond was already in Paris, M sends Bond to assist in the investigation in any way he can. To unravel the mystery Bond disguises himself as a dispatch-rider and follows the same journey as the previous rider to Station F. As expected, the assassin attempts to kill Bond, however, Bond is ready and ends up killing the assassin.

The title is taken from a version of the words to a traditional hunting song, "D'ye ken John Peel?": "From a find to a check, from a check to a view,/ From a view to a kill in the morning". The title "From a View to a Kill" was later used for the 1985 Bond film "A View to a Kill", starring Roger Moore. Originally, the film was to be titled the same as the short story, and was named as the title of the next Bond film at the end of the closing credits of "Octopussy", but was changed just prior to release. The title, plus the fact part of the film takes place in France, is where any similarity between the short story and the film end.

"From a View to a Kill" was initially intended to be the backstory for Hugo Drax, the villain of "Moonraker". The similar story would have taken place during World War II and featured Drax as the motorcycle assassin who crashes his bike and is taken to an American field hospital. Later the hospital is bombed leaving Drax with amnesia and a disfigured face. [cite book | author = Chancellor, Henry | year = 2005 | title = James Bond: The Man and His World | publisher = John Murray | id = ISBN 0-7195-6815-3]

Characters in "From a View to a Kill"

* James Bond
* Mary Ann Russell
*Colonel Schreíber

"For Your Eyes Only"

"For Your Eyes Only" begins with the murder of a Jamaican couple that had refused to sell their land to Herr von Hammerstein. When they refuse they are killed by Major Gonzales, a Cuban hitman hired by von Hammerstein. This couple, the Havelocks, turn out to be close friends of M, who served as the groom's best man during their wedding in 1925. M subsequently gives Bond a voluntary assignment, "off-book" from sanctioned Secret Service duties, to sneak into Vermont via Canada, track down Herr von Hammerstein, and prevent further harm to the Havelocks's only daughter by any means necessary. When Bond arrives on the scene, however, he finds the Havelocks' daughter, Judy, has arrived there first and intends to carry out her own mission of revenge. With only a bow and arrow, Judy kills von Hammerstein from 100 yards by shooting him in the neck at the exact moment he dives into a lake. A shootout then occurs with the rest of von Hammerstein's men, all of whom, including Major Gonzales, are killed by Bond.

Many of the details of this story are used in the film "For Your Eyes Only", including the fact that a couple named Havelock are murdered by a hitman named Gonzalez. In the film, though, the daughter's name is Melina and the murder takes place in Spain. Melina Havelock does take her revenge in the film very much as Judy Havelock does in the story, but the subject of Melina's crossbow assassination is Gonzalez and he is killed while jumping into his swimming pool – a rather startling sequence on screen, just as it is on the page.

Characters in "For Your Eyes Only"

* James Bond
* M
* Judy Havelock
* Major Gonzales
* Herr von Hammerstein

"Quantum of Solace"

"Quantum of Solace" is not a spy story and James Bond appears only in the background. Told in the style of W Somerset Maugham, the tale has Bond attending a boring dinner party at the Government House in Nassau with a group of socialites he can't stand.

Bond makes a remark after dinner when the other guests have left in order to stimulate conversation, about always having thought it would be nice to marry an air hostess. This solicits a careful reply from the elderly Governor of The Bahamas who tells 007 a sad tale about a relationship between a former civil servant he calls Philip Masters, stationed in Bermuda, and air hostess Rhoda Llewellyn. After meeting aboard a flight to London the two eventually married but after a time Rhoda became unhappy with her life as a housewife. She then began a long open affair with the eldest son of a rich Bermudan family. As a result Masters' work deteriorated and he suffered a nervous breakdown. After recovering he was given a break from Bermuda by the governor and sent on an assignment to Washington to negotiate fishing rights with the US. At the same time the governor's wife had a talk with Rhoda just as her affair ended. Masters returned a few months later and decided to end his marriage, although he and Rhoda continued to appear as a happy couple in public. Masters returned alone to the UK, leaving a penniless Rhoda stranded in Bermuda, an act which he'd been incapable of carrying out merely months earlier. But Masters never recovered emotionally, nor recaptured any spark of vitality. The governor goes on to tell Bond how after a time Rhoda married a rich Canadian and seems to be happy. When Bond remarks that she hardly deserved her good fortune, the governor says that Masters had always been rather weak, and that perhaps Fate chose Rhoda as its instrument to teach him a lesson. The governor then reveals that the dinner companions whom Bond found so boring were in fact Rhoda and her rich Canadian husband. Bond then tells the governor Rhoda was much more interesting than he had thought.

While the story does not include action elements, as other Fleming tales do, it attempts to posit that Bond's adventures pale in comparison with real life drama. Bond reflects that the lives of the people he passes somewhat superficial judgements upon can in fact hide poignant episodes.

"Quantum of Solace" has been announced as the name of the 22nd Bond movie, although it only shares the story's title, and nothing else. [cite news | author = Chris Tilly | title = Bond Interview | publisher = IGN | date = 2008-01-28 | url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/847/847944p1.html | accessdate=2008-01-28]

Characters in "Quantum of Solace"

* James Bond
* Rhoda Llewellyn
* "Philip Masters" (a false name used by the Governor to refer to the man in his anecdote)
* Governor

"Risico"

In "Risico", James Bond is sent by M to investigate a drug smuggling operation based out of Italy that is pumping narcotics into England. M instructs Bond to get in touch with a CIA informant, Kristatos, who in turn tells Bond that a man named Enrico Colombo is behind the racket. When Bond sets out to find more information on Colombo, he is captured by him and brought aboard Colombo's ship, the "Colombina". While in captivity Colombo informs Bond that Kristatos is actually the one in charge of the drug smuggling operation and that he is being backed by the Russians. The next day, the "Colombina" arrives at Santa Maria, where men are loading another shipment. Bond, Colombo, and the crew of the "Colombina" attack the warehouse and discover Kristatos inside. While trying to escape, Kristatos is killed by Bond.

The characters of Colombo and Kristatos, and the initial confusion as to which one was really the target of Bond's investigation are central to the plot of the film "For Your Eyes Only". The morning raid on Kristatos' warehouse serves as a central action sequence in the film, as well.

Characters in "Risico"

* James Bond
* M
* Enrico Colombo
* Aristotle Kristatos
* Lisl Baum

"The Hildebrand Rarity"

In "The Hildebrand Rarity", Bond is on holiday in the Seychelles Islands with his friend, Fidele Barbey. Through Barbey, Bond meets an uncouth American millionaire named Milton Krest who has offered the two the job of aiding him in the search for a rare fish named "The Hildebrand Rarity". After agreeing to help, the three as well as Mrs. Elizabeth Krest set off aboard the "Wavekrest" in search of the fish. During the journey Bond learns that Milton verbally and physically abuses everyone around him, specifically his wife whom he punishes with the use of a stingray tail he dubs "The Corrector". After finding the Hildebrand Rarity, the party returns to the "Wavekrest" and sets sail for port. Along the way Krest gets drunk and insults Bond and Barbey and also schedules an appointment for his wife with "The Corrector".

During the same night Bond hears Mr. Krest choking, after which Bond discovers Krest has been murdered and the rare fish was stuffed into his mouth. So as not to be entangled in an investigation for the murder of Krest, Bond throws him overboard and cleans up the scene of the crime. The following day, after the "Wavekrest" has reached port, no one knows what had happened to Mr. Krest and all presume he fell overboard. Bond investigates both Barbey and Mrs. Krest and finally comes to the conclusion that Mrs. Krest had murdered Milton in an act of revenge for the way in which he had treated her, although she never admits to committing the crime and Bond never asks.

Milton Krest, the Wavekrest, "The Corrector", and his "foundation" were used in the 1989 Bond film "Licence to Kill".

Characters in "The Hildebrand Rarity"

* James Bond
* Milton Krest
* Fidele Barbey
* Elizabeth Krest

Comic strip adaptations

Four of the five short stories in "For Your Eyes Only" were adapted into comic strips which were published in the British newspaper, the "Daily Express", and subsequently syndicated around the world:

* "Risico" (April 3 to June 24, 1961)
* "From a View to a Kill" (June 25 to September 9, 1961)
* "For Your Eyes Only" (September 11 to December 9, 1961)
* "The Hildebrand Rarity" (May 29 to December 16, 1967)

The first three stories were adapted by Henry Gammidge and illustrated by John McLusky and are largely considered a departure from what readers of the comic strips were used to, focusing more on character details and the plot of the story. More so than any other adaptation, "Risico", "From a View to a Kill", and "For Your Eyes Only" are considered to be the most faithful adaptations of Ian Fleming's original work. All three comics were reprinted in 2004 by Titan Books and are included in the "Goldfinger collection".

The fourth adaptation, "The Hildebrand Rarity", did not appear until six years after the comic strip versions of the other stories. It was adapted by Jim Lawrence and illustrated by Yaroslav Horak. This adaptation was reprinted by Titan Books in the early 1990s and again in 2004 as part of the "Octopussy" collection.

The remaining story in the collection, "Quantum of Solace", is one of only three Ian Fleming James Bond stories that has never been adapted as a comic strip. (The other two are "The Property of a Lady" and "007 in New York.")

Publication history

* April 11, 1960, Jonathan Cape, hardcover, first British edition.
**Cover by Richard Chopping. 21,712 printed.
* 1960, Viking, hardcover, first American edition.
* June 1961, Signet Books, paperback, first American edition.
* May 11, 1962, Pan Books, paperback, first British edition.
* February 22, 1979, Triad/Panther, paperback, British, ISBN 0-586-04596-1
* 1981, Triad/Granada, paperback, British, ISBN 0-586-04596-1
* June 1989, Coronet Books, paperback, British, ISBN 0-340-42572-5. Introduction by Anthony Burgess.
* April 4, 2002, Viking/Penguin, hardcover, British, ISBN 0-670-91041-4
* April 2003, Penguin Books, paperback, American, ISBN 0-14-200327-1
* October 26, 2006, Penguin Books, paperback, British, ISBN 0-14-102826-2. Introduction by Barry Eisler

In addition, Penguin Books has announced a compilation, "Quantum of Solace: The Complete James Bond Short Stories", which will also include the contents of "Octopussy and the Living Daylights", is scheduled to be released as a tie-in with the film Quantum of Solace on 26 August, 2008. [ [http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Solace-Complete-James-Stories/dp/0143114581] Amazon.com listing]

Footnotes