Silent Running

Infobox Film | name = Silent Running

---

caption = "Silent Running"
director = Douglas Trumbull
producer = Michael Gruskoff
Marty Hornstein
Douglas Trumbull
writer = Deric Washburn
Michael Cimino
Steven Bochco
starring = Bruce Dern, Cliff Potts, Ron Rifkin and Jesse Vint
music = Peter Schickele
cinematography = Charles F. Wheeler
editing = Aaron Stell
distributor = Universal Pictures
released = March 10, 1972
runtime = 89 min.
language = English
amg_id = 1:44705
imdb_id = 0067756

"Silent Running" is a 1972 ecologically-themed science fiction film directed by Douglas Trumbull which depicts a future in which all plant life on Earth has been made extinct, except for a few specimens preserved in space in greenhouse domes. When orders come from Earth to jettison and destroy the domes, the ship's botanist (Bruce Dern) opts instead to send the last dome into deep space to save the remaining plants and animals. In addition to Dern, the film starred Cliff Potts, Ron Rifkin and Jesse Vint.

The film was noted for Trumbull's creative use of scale models and other special effects. He had previously used groundbreaking special effects in the science fiction film "." The film has since achieved a cult following among science fiction fans.

The soundtrack contains two songs — "Silent Running" and "Rejoice in the Sun" — written by Peter Schickele and Diane Lampert and performed by Joan Baez.

Plot summary

The movie depicts a future in which all plant life on Earth has been made extinct. Only a few specimens have been preserved just outside the orbit of Saturn, in enormous, greenhouse-like geodesic domes attached to a fleet of American Airlines "Space Freighters". Freeman Lowell (Bruce Dern) is one of four crewmen aboard the "Valley Forge," one of the 2,000 metre-long freighters, and is the resident botanist and ecologist who preserves the forests for their eventual return to Earth, and the reforestation of the planet. Lowell spends most of his time in the forests, cultivating the plant and animal life.

When orders come from Earth to jettison and destroy the domes (with nuclear charges), and return the freighters to commercial service, Lowell opts instead to save the last remaining forests. After four of the six domes on the "Valley Forge" are jettisoned and destroyed, Lowell kills one of his crewmates in a struggle, which leaves his right leg seriously injured. Nevertheless, he is able to prevent the destruction of one of the remaining domes. Lowell traps the other two crewmen in the other remaining dome, which he then jettisons and destroys. Enlisting the aid of the ship's three service robots (drones), which he eventually names Huey, Dewey, and Louie, Lowell stages a fake premature explosion as a ruse, and sends the "Valley Forge" careening away from the space freighter fleet, towards Saturn, in an attempt to the ship and flee with the last forest dome. Injured and alone with the three drones, Lowell reprograms them to perform surgery on his leg.

Still in communication with the rest of the fleet, Lowell is informed that the "Valley Forge" is on a collision course with Saturn's rings, and there is nothing he can do to stop the catastrophic event. The ship will likely be destroyed. With communications failing due to the distance now between the "Valley Forge" and the rest of the fleet, the ship passes through the rings of Saturn. The three drones are outside the ship on maintenance duty, when Drone 3 is blown away from the ship, leaving two remaining drones. The ship, and the precious dome, emerge undamaged on the other side of the rings.

Now alone, Lowell and the drones set out into deep space to maintain the forest. With boredom and the lack of company building up, Lowell tries to make the drones more like individuals by teaching them to plant trees and play poker. When Lowell's conscience sets in, he instructs the drones to bury the crewman he killed in the dome. With thoughts of the human toll he has taken to save the last forest, Lowell is horrified when he realises that his forest is dying. After weeks alone in space, a sister ship locates the freighter and informs Lowell that he must jettison the dome. Lowell realises that what was killing the forest was the lack of sunlight, and he wires up several banks of lights. Realising that his murders will be uncovered, Lowell jettisons the last dome to safety, and arms nuclear charges to destroy himself and his spacecraft, thus ensuring the preservation of the last dome. The final scene shows a well-lit forest greenhouse drifting into deep space.

Production

In an interview with "Starlog" magazine in the late 1970s, Douglas Trumbull revealed that the plot of the movie in the original version of the script was quite a bit different from what was actually filmed. In the original version, the Space Freighters were on permanent duty carrying biological domes. When they are finally told to blow the domes and return to earth, it is because the freighters are going to be scrapped.

The Freeman Lowell character in original version was an older, more curmudgeonly man who simply did not want to return to earth and be forced into retirement, so he steals the "Valley Forge", and heads off into deep space. As in the filmed version, he reprograms the robots for some companionship, and the subplot involving the plants dying due to a lack of light were involved, but his main interest in the plants was simply as a means of extending his limited food supplies. In the second half of the film, he receives a signal from an alien ship, and decides to approach it—humanity's first contact with aliens. The last part of the movie was a race between Lowell, who as trying to contact the aliens, and the human boarding party trying to re-take the ship. Finally, in desperation, Lowell detaches one of the domes with one of the robots aboard seconds before he is killed by the boarding party. The dome drifts off into deep space, where it is found by the aliens.

Trumbull had been involved with creating effects for "." Director Stanley Kubrick wanted the "Stargate" sequence of that film to be centered around Saturn, but there were technical difficulties in getting the special effects for this sequence finished in the limited time frame. The Saturn idea was scrapped, and Kubrick substituted Jupiter instead. Trumbull developed the sequence after production, and it was recreated for Saturn in "Silent Running".

The interiors were filmed aboard the decommissioned aircraft carrier USS "Valley Forge" (CV-45), which was docked at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in Long Beach, California. Shortly after filming was completed, the carrier was scrapped. The forest environments were originally intended to be filmed in the Mitchell Park Domes in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but the production budget forced the sequences to be shot in a newly-completed aircraft hangar in Van Nuys, California. Trumbull stated on the commentary accompanying the DVD release of the science fiction classic, that the geodesic domes containing the last forests of Earth's future on the spaceship "Valley Forge" were also based on the Missouri Botanical Garden Climatron dome.

There are three freighters seen in the film: they are the "Valley Forge," the "Berkshire" and the "Sequoia". Five other ships that carried domes are also named, but do not appear on screen — they are the "Yellowstone, Acadia, Blue Ridge, Glacier" and "Mojave. "Each ship features a designation on the hull, which notes the area from which some of the flora and fauna samples were taken. The "Valley Forge" is listed as "Bahia Honda Subtropical," indicating at least some specimens were taken from this area of the Florida Keys. The model of the "Valley Forge" Space Freighter was 26 feet (8 m) long, and took six months to build from a combination of custom castings and the contents of approximately 800 prefabricated model aircraft or tank kits. After filming was completed, American Airlines expressed an interest in sending the model on the tour circuit, but this was not feasible due to the fragile nature of the model (in fact, during filming, pieces of the model kept falling away). The ship was subsequently disassembled after several years sitting in Douglas Trumbull's personal storage facility. Several pieces, including the domes, wound up in the hands of collectors. Only one dome has survived, and it now rests in the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame in Seattle, Washington.

The three "drones" were played by four double-amputees, an idea inspired by Johnny EckFact|date=July 2008. The 20 pound (9 kg) "drone suits" were custom tailored for the different actors. The suits still exist, and are in Douglas Trumbull's personal collection.

Influences in other works

"The Starlost" television series re-used and expanded on the environmental dome models and some of the feeling of the interiors. The original "Battlestar Galactica" series used stock footage of the space freighters in several episodes. On that show, they were called "Agro Ships," and were the source of all the food in the rag-tag fleet. Initially there were three of them, but two were destroyed by the Cylons. In the current incarnation of "Galactica", there is one "Botanical Cruiser" in the fleet, which is of a different, but clearly derivative design.

Joel Hodgson has claimed that the film influenced the premise of "Mystery Science Theater 3000."cite web
url=http://www.mst3kinfo.com/satnews/brains/20q.html
month = January | year = 1999
title = "20 Questions Only Joel Hodgson Can Answer about MST3K"
work = Special Feature
publisher = Satellite News
accessdate = 2007-03-12] John Hodgman's compendium of fictional trivia makes several references to Dern's acting in "The Areas of My Expertise". Doug Naylor, Rob Grant and Ed Bye cite "Silent Running" as an inspiration for the British science fiction-comedy television series of the 1980s and 1990s, "Red Dwarf". The "oxygen garden" in the 2007 science fiction film "Sunshine" was inspired by the forest domes in "Silent Running". [cite news | author=Mark Kermode | url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,2042102,00.html | title=2007: a scorching new space odyssey | publisher=The Observer | date=2007-03-25 | accessdate=2007-07-19 ] As with "Silent Running", the film "Sunshine" depicts a dying Earth. However, in the 2007 film, the problem is the dying-out of the sun. The 2007 film depicts a spaceship which uses a large greenhouse to generate oxygen for the astronauts.

Carbon Based Lifeforms have named a song on their 2003 album "Hydroponic Garden" after the movie; on their 2006 album "World Of Sleepers" there is a song called "Photosynthesis" which features a sample from the movie ("What about the forests?!").

ee also

*The article "Special Effects In The Movies" in the 1974 "Encyclopedia Britannica" "Yearbook of Science and the Future" features detailed information about the production of this film.

References

External links

*imdb title|id=0067756|title=Silent Running
* [http://www.scifimoviepage.com/silent.html Sci-Fi Movie website analysis]
* [http://www.lunadude.com/pet_proj/valley_forge Valley Forge]