Agathosma betulina

taxobox
name = "Agathosma betulina"


image_caption = "Agathosma betulina"
regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Eudicots
unranked_ordo = Rosids
ordo = Sapindales
familia = Rutaceae
genus = "Agathosma"
species = "A. betulina"
binomial = "Agathosma betulina"
binomial_authority = (Berg.) Pillans|

"Agathosma betulina" (previously "Barosma betulina") is a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native to the lower elevation mountains of western South Africa, where it occurs near streams in fynbos habitats.

Growth

It is an evergreen shrub growing to 2 m tall. The leaves are opposite, rounded, about 20 mm long and broad. The flowers are white or pale pink, with five petals; the fruit is a five-parted capsule which splits open to release the seeds.

Etymology

It is known by the common name round leaf buchu and has historically been used as a flavoring agent and an herbal remedy. The very similar plant "Agathosma crenulata" (previously "Barosma crenulata") is known as the oval leaf buchu, and has been used for the same purposes.

Uses

Wild plants of this species are still plentiful but are being harvested faster than they can reproduce. The threat of their becoming scarce has led to efforts to cultivate them. The essential oils and extracts of the leaves are used as flavoring for teas, candy, and a liquor known as buchu brandy in South Africa. The two main oils of "A. betulina" are isomenthone and disphenol. The extract is said to taste like blackcurrant. It has historically been used as a medicine for urinary tract disorders and wounds.

References

* [http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/agathoscren.htm "A. crenulata" and "A. betulina"]
* [http://www.ics.trieste.it/MedicinalPlant/MedicinalPlant.aspx?id=7 Note on medicinal use]
*Van Wyk, Ben-Erik (2005). "Food Plants of the World". Portland Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 0-88192-743-0
*Lis-Balchin M., Hart S. and Simpson E. (2001). Buchu ("Agathosma betulina" and "A. crenulata", Rutaceae) essential oils: their pharmacological action on guinea-pig ileum and antimicrobial activity on microorganisms. "J Pharm Pharmacol." 53(4):579-82.