Biohydrogen

Biohydrogen is hydrogen produced via biological processes.

Fermentation

Biohydrogen gas can be extracted from biomass through dark fermentation and/or photofermentation by bacteria.

Fermentation plants

Fermentative hydrogen production plants are proposed industrial plants for the production of hydrogen. They would typically involve processes such as thermophillic fermentation, dark fermentation and/or photofermentation and gas cleaning. [ [http://www.biohydrogen.nl/hyvolution Hyvolution] Biohydrogen from biomass project] Biohydrogen production can also involve an element of anaerobic digestion where the methane from biogas is converted through steam reforming into hydrogen. [ [http://www.biohydrogen.nl/stairway2h2 Biohydrogen from biomass paths] ] . Biohydrogen produced from organic waste materials is a promising alternatives for a sustainable energy sources.

Hydrogen can be produced by bacterial species such as "Rhodobacter sphaeroides" and "Enterobacter cloacae". [ [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15666144&dopt=Abstract Nath et al (2005) Hydrogen production by "Rhodobacter sphaeroides " strain O.U.001 using spent media of "Enterobacter cloacae" strain DM11. Applied Biotechnology] ] . Biohydrogen can be produced through dark fermentation either by mix culture of hydrogen producing sludge or pure culture of anaerobic bacteria such as "Clostridium butyricum".

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the essential technology that made possible the conversion of the energy content in biohydrogen to electricity.

ee also

*Biological hydrogen production (Algae)
*Photobiology
*Electrohydrogenesis
*Microbial fuel cell
*Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus

References

External links

* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/p3u912048n600315/ 1999 - Biohydrogen RITE Biological Hydrogen Program]
* [http://genomicsgtl.energy.gov/benefits/biohydrogen.shtml GTL]
* [http://www.biohydrogen.nl EU & Dutch Biohydrogen research page]
* [http://www.wasteintoenergy.org wasteintoenergy.org]
* [http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=7915 University of California Davis -New Technology Turns Food Leftovers Into Electricity, Vehicle Fuels]
* [http://www.onsitepowersystems.com/ Onsite Power Systems]
* [http://completebiogas.com/BiogasHandbook_A02_biohydrogen.pdf "Appendix 2: Biohydrogen"] from "The Complete Biogas Handbook"