- List of constitutional courts
A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with
constitutional law . Its main authority is to rule on whether or not laws that are challenged are in factunconstitutional , i.e. whether or not they conflict with constitutionally established rights and freedoms.The list in this article is of countries that have a separate constitutional court. Many countries do not have separate constitutional courts, but instead delegate constitutional judicial authority to their
supreme court . Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts"; for example, some have called theSupreme Court of the United States "the world's oldest constitutional court" because it was the first court in the world to invalidate a law as unconstitutional ("Marbury v. Madison "), even though it is not a separate constitutional court.Austria established the world's first separate constitutional court in 1920 (though it was suspended, along with the constitution that created it, from 1934 to 1945); before that, only the U.S. andAustralia had adopted the concept ofjudicial review through their supreme courts.Countries with separate constitutional courts include:columns |width=200px
col1 =
* Albania
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Central African Republic
* Chile
* Colombia
* Congo
* Croatia
col2 =
* Czech Republic
* Ecuador
* Egypt
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Indonesia
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Hungary
* Italy
* Kazakhstan
* South Korea
* Kosovo
* Kyrgyzstan
col3 =
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Macedonia
* Madagascar
* Mali
* Moldova
* Mongolia
* Myanmar [The Fundamental Principles of Myanmar (Burma's) draft constitution include the establishment of a new constitutional tribunal. If the constitution is approved by referendum in May 2008, it would be the first common law country to have a constitutional court separate from its supreme court.]
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
col4 =
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* South Africa
* Spain
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Uganda
* Ukraine
* UzbekistanFootnotes
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