- Rawadid
Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid), (
955 -1071 ), was a Kurdish principality ruling Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 13th centuries, centered aroundTabriz andMaragheh (Maragha). It was founded by a Kurdish chief named "Muhammad ibn Husain" in the mid tenth century [ [http://www.geocities.com/kfzhouy/Chron/Chron5e.html A Chronology of World Political History (801 - 1000 C.E.) ] ] . The Rawadids were originally from Arab ancestry (Azd tribe), and arrived in the region in758 CE, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like "Mamlan" for Muhammad and "Ahmadil" for Ahmad as their names [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S4/SIM-4304.html] Dead link|date=March 2008] . According toKasravi , Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler "Ibrahim bin Marzuban", inAzarbaijan in979 .Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by
Ibn Athir . The regions ofTabriz ,Maragheh and the strongholds ofSahand mountain were in his possession. In1029 , he helped the "Hadhbani" Kurds ofMaragheh to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish tribes [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html] Dead link|date=March 2008] .Wahsudan also sent an expedition to
Ardebil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler ("sipahbod") of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamaln also built a fortress in Ardebil [V. Minorsky, "A Mongol Decree of 720/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Zahid", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1954, p.524] .Toghrul conquered the principality in1054 CE, and he defeated the Kurdish prince of Tabriz "Wahsudan ibn Mamlan" [P. Blaum, "Diplomacy gone to seed: a history of Byzantine foreign relations, 1047-57 A.D.", International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Jan. 2005, p.15 [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SBL/is_18/ai_n13826854/pg_15] ] . In1071 , whenAlp Arslan returned from his campaign against theByzantine Empire , he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, "Ahmad bin Wahsudan", lord ofMaragheh , took part in the MuhammadMalik Shah 's campaign againstSyria in1110 CE [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C4/COM-0544.html] (see under "Turkish Conquest")] . His full title was "Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi". Ahmadil took part in thecrusades on behalf of muslims. Joscelin made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east ofGaziantep ). He was stabbed to death by theIsmailis in1117 inBaghdad . His descendants continued to ruleMaragheh andTabriz until theMongol invasion in1227 [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html] Dead link|date=March 2008] [ [http://members.tripod.com/zaza_kirmanc/research/dailamites.htm La Domination des Dailamites ] ] .Rawadid Rulers
#Muhammad Ibn Husain (? -c. 951 ?)
#Husain I (955-988)
#Mamlan I (988 -1000)
#Husain II (1000-1019)
#Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019-1054)
#Mamlan II (1054-1071)References
External links
#Minorsky, "La Domination des Dailamites", presented in a Conference of the Societé des Etudes Iraniennes, Paris, 28 May, 1931. Also see Minorsky, "Daylam" in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1962, pp. 189-94 [http://members.tripod.com/zaza_kirmanc/research/dailamites.htm] .
# [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S2/SIM-6262.html Rawwadids] , Encyclopaedia of Islam.
# [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html Maragha] , Encyclopaedia of Islam.
# [http://www.geocities.com/kfzhouy/Chron/Chron5e.html A Chronology of World Political History(801 - 1000 C.E.)] (see Rawwadid)
# [http://www.hostkingdom.net/iran.html List of Rawadid Rulers]
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